Sankhya or Samkhya Philosophy: The presence of divine agency is not essential to the creation of world. The world owes its creation and evolution more to nature (Prakriti) than to God. This was a rational and scientific view.
It talks of ‘Dukha’ and its remedy in Karma and Discipline. The founder of this philosophy was Kapila, who wrote the ‘Samkhya-sutra’. It does not recognize god. According to it, liberation is possible only through real knowledge and knowledge can be acquired through observation, inferences and words. According to it, the world is a production of natural forces.
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