The biosphere is zone of the Earth having life. It is a thin layer around the planet where all living organisms exist. It is the global ecological system integrating all living beings and their relationships with the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere. What Is the Biosphere? The term biosphere was coined by Austrian geologist Eduard Suess in …
Ice (like glaciers), wind, and sea waves also play a big role in changing the Earth’s surface. These natural forces do three main things: Erosion: They wear down rocks and soil. Transportation: They carry the broken material from one place to another. Deposition: They drop the material in new places, usually in lower areas. Together, …
Fundamental units are the basic units of measurement defined by a system of physical quantities. These units are independent and cannot be derived from any other units. All other units (called derived units) are formed by combining these fundamental units. Fundamental Units In SI System (International System of Units), the 7 Fundamental Units are: What …
Running water is one of the most powerful agents of erosion, transportation, and deposition on the Earth’s surface. Rivers, streams, and rainwater actively reshape landscapes, transport sediments, and create various landforms. Over time, running water plays a major role in sculpting the Earth’s surface through a combination of physical and chemical processes. Erosion Rivers cut …
The shape of the land is always changing. There are two main types of natural forces that cause this: Weathering – This is when rocks are broken down where they are, without being moved. Gradation – This involves moving broken rock pieces from higher areas to lower areas through things like rivers, wind, glaciers, and …
Ocean basins are vast, deep depressions on the Earth’s surface that hold the world’s oceans. They cover over 70% of our planet and play a vital role in shaping climate, supporting marine life, and influencing global geography. What is an Ocean Basin? An ocean basin is the portion of Earth’s crust that is submerged beneath …
Water vapor is a gas in the air. Its amount keeps changing — sometimes there’s almost none, and sometimes it makes up to 4% of the air. Water in the atmosphere can be: Solid (ice crystals) Liquid (tiny water droplets) Gas (invisible water vapor — the most common form) Why Water Vapor Is Important? Absorbs …
The Earth is unique among planets due to its ability to support life, thanks to the right mix of land, water, air, temperature, and energy. It is part of the solar system and orbits the Sun. Its spherical shape slightly bulges at the equator due to rotation. The Earth has a layered structure: the crust, …
The universe is the whole of everything — all that we can see, and even what we cannot. The universe is everything that exists — all of space, time, matter, and energy. It includes: Galaxies (like the Milky Way) Stars (like our Sun) Planets (like Earth) Moons, asteroids, comets, black holes Light, radiation, and even …
The Continental Drift Theory, first proposed by Frank B. Taylor in 1910, was one of the earliest scientific ideas suggesting that continents are not fixed but move over the Earth’s surface. Although often overshadowed by Alfred Wegener’s later and more refined theory (1912), Taylor’s contributions were foundational in shaping the concept of continental mobility, which …