| #4776 |
What does the duty “to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals” mean? |
Citizens must uphold the Constitution and its principles |
| #4777 |
Do Fundamental Duties apply to non-citizens? |
No, only Indian citizens |
| #4778 |
Are Fundamental Duties applicable to all citizens? |
Yes, to every citizen of India |
| #4779 |
What is the main purpose of Fundamental Duties? |
To promote patriotism, discipline, and a sense of responsibility among citizens |
| #4780 |
How many Fundamental Duties are there in India today? |
11 |
| #4781 |
Who introduced Fundamental Duties in the Constitution? |
They were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 |
| #4782 |
Are Fundamental Duties enforceable by law? |
No, they are moral obligations, not legally enforceable |
| #4783 |
Which part of the Constitution lists Fundamental Duties? |
Part IV-A, Article 51A |
| #4784 |
Can Fundamental Rights be amended by Parliament? |
Yes, but the “basic structure” of the Constitution cannot be altered |
| #4785 |
Do Fundamental Rights apply to private individuals? |
Mostly no, they apply against the State; some exceptions exist under law |
| #4786 |
Are Fundamental Rights absolute? |
No, they are subject to reasonable restrictions |
| #4787 |
Can rights of prisoners be protected under Fundamental Rights? |
Yes, courts ensure humane treatment under Article 21 |
| #4788 |
Can right to privacy be claimed under Fundamental Rights? |
Yes, under Article 21 as part of personal liberty |
| #4789 |
Can Fundamental Rights protect environmental rights? |
Yes, courts interpret Article 21 to include clean environment |
| #4790 |
Can Fundamental Rights be reasonably restricted for national security? |
Yes, only in the interest of sovereignty and integrity |
| #4791 |
Which amendment strengthened rights during emergencies? |
44th Amendment |
| #4792 |
Can Fundamental Rights be suspended during an emergency? |
Some can, but Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended |
| #4793 |
Which writ allows higher courts to review lower court orders? |
Certiorari |
| #4794 |
Which writ questions legality of someone holding public office? |
Quo Warranto |
| #4795 |
Which writ commands an official to perform a duty? |
Mandamus |
| #4796 |
Which writ forbids an authority from doing something? |
Prohibition |
| #4797 |
Which writ challenges illegal detention? |
Habeas Corpus |
| #4798 |
Which Article allows citizens to go to the Supreme Court for violation of Fundamental Rights? |
Article 32 |
| #4799 |
Who can establish educational institutions under Article 30? (Repeat) |
Religious and linguistic minorities |
| #4800 |
What does Article 29 protect? |
Cultural, linguistic, and educational rights of minorities |