Alluvial Soil is one of the most fertile types of soil found in India. It is formed by the deposition of silt and clay brought by rivers and streams from the mountains. These soils are known for their high fertility and are suitable for a wide range of crops. In this article, we will discuss the distribution of alluvial soil in India.
Alluvial soil covers around 40% of the total land area in India. It is mainly found in the northern plains, which include the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal. The Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna river system is responsible for depositing alluvial soil in these regions. The soil here is deep, well-drained, and rich in organic matter. It is also well-suited for the cultivation of crops such as wheat, rice, sugarcane, and cotton.
It found in the Indo-Gangetic plain is further divided into two types: Khadar and Bhangar. Khadar soil is formed by the deposition of new alluvium, which is brought down by floods every year. This soil is more fertile and suitable for growing paddy, wheat, maize, and vegetables. On the other hand, Bhangar soil is older alluvium that lies above the flood level. This soil is less fertile but is suitable for growing crops such as tobacco, jute, and mustard.
Apart from the northern plains, it is also found in the delta regions of the Godavari, Krishna, and Cauvery rivers in the southern part of India. The soil here is known for its high fertility and is suitable for the cultivation of rice, sugarcane, and other crops.
It is also found in the northeastern region of India, particularly in the valleys of the Brahmaputra and Barak rivers. The soil here is rich in organic matter and is suitable for the cultivation of tea, jute, and sugarcane.
In conclusion, alluvial soil is one of the most fertile types of soil found in India, and its distribution is mainly concentrated in the northern plains. However, it is also found in other parts of the country, such as the delta regions of southern India and the valleys of the northeastern region. Understanding the distribution and properties of alluvial soil is essential for successful agriculture in these regions.
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