Imperialism and colonialism are two closely related historical phenomena that refer to the domination of one country over others. Here’s a brief overview of the rise and fall of imperialism and colonialism:
Rise of imperialism and colonialism: The rise of imperialism and colonialism can be traced back to the late 19th century, when European powers began to establish colonies and empires in other parts of the world. This was driven by several factors, including economic interests, a desire for new markets and resources, and a belief in the superiority of European culture and technology. European powers established colonies in Asia, Africa, and the Americas, exerting control over local economies, politics, and societies.
Fall of imperialism and colonialism: The fall of imperialism and colonialism was a gradual process that took place in the mid-20th century. The two world wars of the 20th century weakened the European powers and eroded their ability to maintain their empires. The rise of nationalism in the colonies and the growth of anti-colonial movements also contributed to the decline of imperialism and colonialism. After World War II, the decolonization process accelerated, as many countries gained independence from their colonial rulers.
The rise and fall of imperialism and colonialism had a profound impact on the world, shaping global politics, economics, and culture. The legacy of imperialism and colonialism continues to influence relationships between former colonies and their former rulers, and has contributed to ongoing conflicts and inequalities in many parts of the world.
This is a brief overview of the rise and fall of imperialism and colonialism, and you can learn more about them in detail as you prepare for the IAS exam.