Month: September 2023

Bounded rationality is a concept in behavioral economics and decision-making theory developed by Nobel laureate Herbert A. Simon. It suggests that individuals, when making decisions, are not always perfectly rational due to cognitive limitations, information constraints, and time constraints. Instead, they operate within “bounded” or limited rationality. Key aspects of bounded rationality: Limited Information: In …

What is bounded rationality? What role does it play in decision making? Read More »

Integral Humanism, as advocated by Deendayal Upadhyaya, is a socio-political and philosophical ideology that emerged as a guiding principle for the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the precursor to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) in India. Upadhyaya’s integral humanism is rooted in the Indian tradition and offers a distinctive perspective on politics, economics, and social organization. Here …

Describe the key characteristics of integral humanism advocated by Deendayal Upadhyaya. Read More »

Babasaheb Ambedkar, a prominent Indian jurist, social reformer, and architect of the Indian Constitution, had a multifaceted vision that encompassed both social democracy and political democracy. His ideas and actions were instrumental in shaping the democratic principles and institutions of post-independence India. Let’s discuss how social democracy is a major basis of political democracy, drawing …

Social democracy is the major basis of political democracy. Discuss with reference to the vision of Babasaheb Ambedkar. Read More »

The National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) in India is a statutory body tasked with protecting and promoting human rights. While it plays a vital role in safeguarding human rights, it also faces certain limitations and challenges: Limited Enforcement Powers: The NHRC can investigate and recommend action, but it lacks the authority to enforce its recommendations. …

What are the key limitations of the National Human Rights Commission? Read More »

The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is a statutory body responsible for promoting and ensuring fair competition in the Indian marketplace. Its primary functions are to prevent anti-competitive practices and promote competition in various sectors of the economy. Here are the key functions of the Competition Commission of India: Anti-Competitive Agreement: CCI investigates and takes …

Discuss the functions of the Competition Commission of India. Read More »

Yes, coalitions have become a key characteristic of party politics at both the central and state levels in India. This phenomenon is driven by several factors: 1. Fragmented Political Landscape: India’s political landscape is highly fragmented, with numerous political parties representing diverse regional, caste, and ideological interests. This fragmentation makes it challenging for any single …

Do you think coalitions are the key characteristics of party politics at the centre and the states? Discuss. Read More »

The shift from cooperative federalism to competitive federalism in India represents a significant evolution in the country’s federal structure and governance. Here’s an explanation of this transition: Cooperative Federalism: Historical Perspective: Cooperative federalism in India was the dominant approach during the early years of independence. The framers of the Constitution envisioned a federal system where …

Indian federalism is moving from co-operative federalism to competitive federalism. Comment. Read More »

Judicial Activism and Judicial Overreach are two terms often used in the context of the judiciary’s role in interpreting and shaping laws. While they share similarities, they have distinct differences: Judicial Activism: Explanation: Judicial activism refers to a proactive approach taken by judges in interpreting the law and the Constitution. It involves a willingness on …

How is judicial activism different from judicial overreach ? Explain. Read More »

Delegation in the context of management and organizational leadership offers several advantages, two of which are: Enhanced Efficiency and Productivity: Delegation allows managers to distribute tasks and responsibilities among their team members or subordinates. By doing so, managers can leverage the skills, expertise, and knowledge of their team members to complete tasks more efficiently. When …

Write any two advantages of delegation. Read More »

Two factors affecting the span of control are: Nature of the work: If the work is simple and repetitive, the span of control can be wider. However, if the work is complex and requires close supervision, the span of control must be narrower. Ability of the manager: Some managers are more capable of supervising large numbers of …

Name any two factors affecting the span of control. Read More »