Q. What is geoinformatics? What are its advantages in planning in various sectors? Ans: Geoinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates geography, computer science, and data analytics to collect, process, analyze, and visualize spatial (geographic) data. It encompasses technologies like Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and spatial databases, enabling informed …

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Q. Will the ageing population be a problem in India? If not, what are the problems you foresee in the age structure of the Indian population? Ans: India is undergoing a demographic transition, with its elderly population (60+ years) projected to double from 10.5% in 2022 to over 20% by 2050. While ageing itself is …

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Q. What is precision agriculture? Will it be possible in Indian agriculture? Ans: Precision agriculture is a modern farming approach that uses technology and data analytics to optimize agricultural inputs—such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides—based on site-specific needs. It aims to enhance productivity, sustainability, and resource efficiency by tailoring farm management practices to the variability …

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Q. What are the five ‘P’s in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? Explain briefly. Ans: The five ‘P’s—People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership—form the foundational pillars of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations. They represent a holistic framework that integrates social, environmental, economic, and institutional dimensions of development. 1. People Focuses …

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Q. “Disaster Risk Reduction is everybody’s business.” Discuss with evidence. Ans: Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) refers to strategies aimed at minimizing vulnerabilities and disaster risks through proactive planning, preparedness, and resilience-building. The assertion that DRR is “everybody’s business” reflects the need for multi-stakeholder engagement, as disasters affect all segments of society and require collective action …

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Q. What were the reasons for the rapid growth of the Industrial Revolution in Europe? Discuss in the context of the relative absence of modern industrialisation in the prosperous lands of India and China till the 19th century. Ans: The Industrial Revolution in Europe, particularly in Britain, was driven by a unique convergence of economic, …

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Q. What is secularism? In what ways is it compatible with the multicultural, multi-religious ethos practiced by India across the ages? Ans: Secularism is the principle of separating religion from the State, ensuring that governance is neutral, inclusive, and non-discriminatory toward all faiths. In the Indian context, secularism does not imply indifference to religion but …

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Q. How would a Union of States be different from a Federation of States? Discuss (a) In the context of the Constitutional position in India that India is a Union. (b) In contrast with the causes and consequences of the American Civil War through which the Union was forced onto the Confederacy. Ans: A Union …

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Q. Throw light on the role of Jayi Rajaguru and Buxi Jagabandhu in resisting British control and inspiring people during the National Movement. Ans: Jayi Rajaguru and Buxi Jagabandhu were pioneering figures in Odisha’s early resistance against British colonial rule. Their leadership in the Khurda Rebellion (1804–05) and the Paika Rebellion (1817) respectively laid the …

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Q. “Extremism in politics seldom achieves positive results.” Discuss in the context of the Indian National Movement. Ans: The Indian National Movement witnessed a significant ideological shift with the rise of extremist leaders in the early 20th century. While extremism injected urgency and mass mobilization into the freedom struggle, its outcomes were mixed, highlighting both …

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