India is home to a diverse range of tribes, each with its unique customs, traditions, and way of life. The country’s tribal population accounts for approximately 8% of the total population and resides in various regions across the country. In this article, we will explore some of the major tribes in India and learn more about their culture and lifestyle.
The Major Tribes of India:
- Gond Tribe: The Gond tribe is one of the largest tribes in India, with a population of over 12 million. They are mainly found in central India and are known for their traditional art, music, and dance forms. The Gonds practice subsistence agriculture and are deeply connected to nature and their forests.
- Bhil Tribe: The Bhil tribe is one of the largest tribal communities in India, with a population of over 20 million. They are primarily located in western and central India and are known for their expertise in hunting and archery. The Bhils have a unique system of governance and social structure, and their culture is deeply rooted in their animistic beliefs.
- Santhal Tribe: The Santhal tribe is one of the largest tribes in eastern India, with a population of over 4 million. They are known for their music and dance forms, including the famous Santhal dance. The Santhals practice subsistence agriculture and are skilled in handicrafts and woodwork.
- Munda Tribe: The Munda tribe is one of the oldest tribes in India, with a population of over 10 million. They are mainly found in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and West Bengal. The Mundas are skilled in agriculture, weaving, and metallurgy and are known for their traditional art forms and folk tales.
- Khasi Tribe: The Khasi tribe is one of the major tribes in northeastern India, with a population of over a million. They are primarily located in the state of Meghalaya and are known for their unique matrilineal social structure. The Khasis practice agriculture, horticulture, and animal husbandry, and are also skilled in weaving and handicrafts.
Unique Features of Each Tribe:
- Gond Tribe: The Gonds are known for their unique art forms, including Gond painting, which depicts nature and animals. They have a rich folklore and traditional medicinal practices.
- Bhil Tribe: The Bhils are skilled in bamboo and woodwork and create unique items such as baskets, furniture, and toys. They also have a rich tradition of oral literature and storytelling.
- Santhal Tribe: The Santhals are known for their music and dance forms, which reflect their close relationship with nature. They also have a unique form of governance, with a council of elders called the “Parha”.
- Munda Tribe: The Mundas have a unique traditional art form called “Sooray Sohrai”, which depicts nature and farming practices. They also have a rich tradition of folk tales and songs.
- Khasi Tribe: The Khasis have a matrilineal social structure, with women holding significant positions in the community. They are also known for their unique living root bridges, which are built by weaving the roots of trees.