BPSC Test 07

Freshwater is provided through a freshwater lake named Lake Priyadarshini, in front of Maitri.

On Feb. 18, 2021, NASA’s Mars Perseverance rover makes its final descent to the Red Planet

A resolution to repeal Article 370 was passed by both the houses of the Parliament of India in August 2019. At the same time, a reorganisation act was also passed, which would reconstitute the state into two union territories, Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh. The reorganisation took effect from 31 October 2019.

Vatsa is situated on the banks of river Yamuna which was famous for its fine cotton textiles. The capital  Kaushambi is situated at the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna, near Prayagraj.

Painda Khan and Abdur Rahim Mirza translated the book in Akabar rule. In English Leyden and Erskine translated Baburnama into from the Persian text.

Tarikh-i-Daudi written by Abdullah in 1575 -76 AD deals with the history of the Afghan rulers from Bahlol Lodi of Delhi to daud khan karrani, the last Afghan sultan of Bengal. The book was dedicated to Daud Karrani who was defeated in the battle of rajmahal in 1576 by Khan Jahan, the general of Akbar.

Zamindari System /Permanent Settlement was introduced by Cornwallis in 1793.
Area— Bengal, Bihar, Orissa and Varanasi.
Zamindars were recognized as owner of the lands and were given the rights to
collect the rent from the peasants.
The realized amount would be divided into 11 parts. 1/11 of the share belongs to
Zamindars and 10/11 of the share belongs to East India Company.

Ryotwari System was introduced by Thomas Munro in 1820.
Areas —Madras, Bombay, parts of Assam and Coorgh

In Ryotwari System the ownership rights were handed over to the peasants. British
Government collected taxes directly from the peasants.
The revenue rates of Ryotwari System were 50% where the lands were dry and 60% in
irrigated land.

Mahalwari system was introduced in 1833 during the period of William Bentick.
Area— Central Province, North-West Frontier, Agra, Punjab, Gangetic
Valley, etc of British India.
The Mahalwari system had many provisions of both the Zamindari System and Ryotwari
System.
In this system, the land was divided into Mahals. Each Mahal comprises one or more
villages.
Ownership rights were with the peasants.
The villages committee was held responsible for collection of the taxes

The Treaty of Surat (6 March 1775) was a treaty by which Raghunathrao, one of the claimants to the throne of the Peshwa, agreed to cede Salsette and Bassein Fort to the English, in consideration of being himself restored to Poona. The military operations that followed are known as the First Anglo-Maratha War.

Bengal Gazette was the first English-language newspaper published on the Indian subcontinent. It was founded in Calcutta by Irishman James Augustus Hicky in 1779.

Richard strachey commission in 1880 Was created to develop a General strategy and principles to deal with the famines.

It is between the Shiwaliks in the south and the Greater Himalayas in the north.

static GK

El Nino means lesser than average rains for India.

The stratosphere up to a height of 50 km from the earth’s surface is the second layer of the atmosphere found above the troposphere.

The trees which grow in abundance in Odisha are bamboo, teak, rosewood, sal, piasal, sanghvan and haldi.

Shifting Cultivation is also called ‘Slash and Burn’ agriculture.

Directive Principles of State Policy

As per the Constitutional provision under Article 244 (1) of the Constitution of India, the ‘Scheduled Areas’ are defined as ‘such areas as the President may by order declare to be Scheduled Areas’ – as per paragraph 6(1) of the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution of India.

the Constitution of Australia

The Seventh Schedule to the Constitution of India defines and specifies allocation of powers and functions between Union & States.

‘Mandamus’ means ‘we command’. It is issued by the Court to direct a public authority to perform the legal duties which it has not or refused to perform. It can be issued by the Court against a public official, public corporation, tribunal, inferior court or the government.

A Money Bill is introduced in Lok Sabha, on the prior recommendation of the President.

The first state to be created on a linguistic basis was Andhra in 1953.

It was included in the Constitution through the 86th Amendment Act, 2002.

The finance ministry already has five departments – Department of Economic Affairs, Department of Expenditure, Department of Revenue, Department of Investment and Public Asset Management (DIPAM) and Department of Financial Services.

This Conference is being organized by the Union Ministry of Parliamentary Affairs (MoPA) and the Government of Rajasthan.

Parliament has the overall control over the delegated legislation as it takes account with the statutory committees which make law through bills.

The Governing Council of NITI Aayog comprises the Hon’ble Prime Minister of India; Chief Ministers of all the States and Union Territories with legislature; Lt Governors of other UTs; Ex-Officio Members; Vice Chairman, NITI Aayog; Full-Time Members, NITI Aayog; and Special Invitees.

The idea of creation of Zonal Councils was mooted by the first Prime Minister of India, Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru in 1956.Five Zonal Councils were set up vide Part-III of the States Re-organisation Act, 1956.The Union Home Minister is the Chairman of each of these Councils. The Chief Ministers of the States included in each zone act as Vice-Chairman of the Zonal Council for that zone by rotation, each holding office for a period of one year at a time.

• The Northern Zonal Council, comprising the States of Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, National Capital Territory of Delhi and Union Territory of Chandigarh;
• The Central Zonal Council, comprising the States of Chhattisgarh, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh;
• The Eastern Zonal Council, comprising the States of Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Sikkim and West Bengal;
• The Western Zonal Council, comprising the States of Goa, Gujarat, Maharashtra and the Union Territories of Daman & Diu and Dadra & Nagar Haveli;
• The Southern Zonal Council, comprising the States of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and the Union Territory of Puducherry.
• The North Eastern States i.e. (i) Assam (ii) Arunachal Pradesh (iii) Manipur (iv) Tripura (v) Mizoram (vi) Meghalaya and (vii) Nagaland are not included in the Zonal Councils and their special problems are looked after by the North Eastern Council, set up under the North Eastern Council Act, 1972.

GHI scores are calculated using a three-step process that draws on available data from various sources to capture the multidimensional nature of hunger.

First, for each country, values are determined for four indicators:

1. UNDERNOURISHMENT: the share of the population that is undernourished (that is, whose caloric intake is insufficient);
2. CHILD WASTING: the share of children under the age of five who are wasted (that is, who have low weight for their height, reflecting acute undernutrition);
3. CHILD STUNTING: the share of children under the age of five who are stunted (that is, who have low height for their age, reflecting chronic undernutrition); and
4. CHILD MORTALITY: the mortality rate of children under the age of five (in part, a reflection of the fatal mix of inadequate nutrition and unhealthy environments).

Definition

NABARD developed the model of Self Help Group for financing the poor.

The Robin Hood effect is the redistribution of wealth from the rich to the poor. The Robin Hood effect should not be confused with the Robinhood effect, which is the increased number, importance, and attention given to small retail investors using low-entry-barrier trading apps

• RBI publishes figures for four alternative measures of money supply, viz. M1, M2, M3 and M4.
  • M1 = currency (notes plus coins)held by the public net demand deposits held by commercial banks.
  • M2 = M1 Savings deposits with Post Office savings banks
  • M3 = M1 Net time deposits of commercial banks
  • M4 = M3 Total deposits with Post Office savings organisations (excluding National Savings Certificates)

Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), is a statutory body formed under an Act of Parliament, i.e., Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 (IRDAI Act 1999) for overall supervision and development of the Insurance sector in India.

An invasive species is an organism that causes ecological or economic harm in a new environment where it is not native. . Invasive species can harm both the natural resources in an ecosystem as well as threaten human use of these resources.

Other three options are direct causes of deforestation.

Primary succession is ecological succession that begins in essentially lifeless areas, such as regions in which there is no soil or where the soil is incapable of sustaining life (because of recent lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier).

Progressive succession refers to the succession where the community becomes. complex and contains more species and biomass over time.

Retrogressive succession refers to the succession where the community becomes. simplistic and contains fewer species and less biomass over time.

Denuded succession starts on the secondary bare area which was once occupied by original vegetation but later became completely cleared of vegetation by the process called denudation. This denudation process is brought about by the destructive agencies, such as fire, cultivation, strong winds, and rains.

BOD is a measure of the amount of oxygen required to remove waste organic matter from water in the process of decomposition by aerobic bacteria (those bacteria that live only in an environment containing oxygen).

It is an important water quality parameter because it provides an index to assess the effect discharged wastewater will have on the receiving environment. Depletion of BOD causes stress on aquatic organisms, making the environment unsuitable for life.

Peroxyacetyl nitrate is an unstable, highly oxygenated compound that exists only in the atmosphere. It is a key intermediate in the formation of the air pollutant ozone.

Ex situ conservation is conservation of selected rare plants/animals in places outside their natural homes. It includes botanical gardens or zoological parts, seed banks, cryopreservation, field gene banks and sacred plants.

The sanctuary is home to a herd of Blackbuck and Spotted Deer. It is located in the Indian state of Odisha.

The melting of the polar ice cap directly causes the rise in sea level.

Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy. Solar energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available.

Bats navigate and find insect prey using echolocation. They produce sound waves at frequencies above human hearing, called ultrasound. The sound waves emitted by bats bounce off objects in their environment.

coronavirus, any virus belonging to the family Coronaviridae.

Coronaviruses have enveloped virions (virus particles) that measure approximately 120 nm (1 nm = 10−9 metre) in diameter. Club-shaped glycoprotein spikes in the envelope give the viruses a crownlike, or coronal, appearance.

The nucleocapsid, made up of a protein shell known as a capsid and containing the viral nucleic acids, is helical or tubular.

The coronavirus genome consists of a single strand of positive-sense RNA (ribonucleic acid).

For T.V broadcasting , frequency modulation for audio signal and amplitude modulation for video transmission are used.

An electric motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. A generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Light-year is the distance light travels in one year. One light-year is about 9 trillion km and also equal to approx 6.5×10^5 earht’s years.

Bleeding from nose is caused when a person is there at higher altitudes where atmospheric pressure is low.

The biogas (methane) produced in the anaerobic fermentation process is a mixed gas, and its main contents are CH4, CO2, H2S, and water.

Subatomic particles are elctrons,protons and neutrons.

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous, colorless, odorless and tasteless gas. It is harmful when breathed because it displaces oxygen in the blood and deprives the heart, brain and other vital organs of oxygen.

Examples of synthetic polymers include nylon, polyethylene, polyester, Teflon, and epoxy etc.

Examples of naturally occurring polymers are silk, wool, DNA, cellulose and proteins etc.

The sting of a honey bee causes pain and burning sensations because it contains formic acid.

Formic acid (HCO2H), also called methanoic acid, the simplest of the carboxylic acids, used in processing textiles and leather.

It is caused by the deficiency of tyrosinase enzyme.

The dyes used in blue and black ballpoint pens are basic dyes based on triarylmethane and acid dyes derived from diazo compounds or phthalocyanine.

With base substitution mutations, only a single nucleotide within a gene sequence is changed.

A hypsometer is an instrument for measuring height or elevation.

Gulshan Mahal a 19th century Victorian bungalow, the National Museum of Indian Cinema – India’s first one provides a glimpse into the early history of Indian cinema, depicting events like the famous first show of the Lumiere brothers’ films in Mumbai in 1896.

First Chairperson of the Lokpal is Shri Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose, who is a former Judge of Supreme Court of India and was a sitting member of National Human Rights Commission.

The EU countries are: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Republic of Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain and Sweden.

India finalised a multi-billion dollar contract with Boeing to procure 22 Apache helicopters and 15 Chinooks for the IAF in September 2015.

The caves of Udayagiri and Khandagiri, called lena or leṇa in the inscriptions, were dug out mostly during the reign of Kharavela for the abode of Jaina ascetics. The most important of this group is Ranigumpha in Udayagiri which is a double storeyed monastery.

Pillar Edict IV- Deals with duties of Rajukas.

Dhauli is located in Kalinga,Orissa.

The Dakshinaarka temple in Gaya is an ancient shrine to the Sun God. Sultan Firoz shah tughlaq from Tughlaq dynasty ruled from 1351 to 1388.

According to the system, all the land were owned by the rulers.

Jahangir after his recovery from illness wore pearl earrings.

Chauth was an annual tax nominally levied at 25 percent on revenue or produce.

The marriage treaty of Charles II of England and Catherine of Portugal on 8 May 1661 placed Bombay in British possession as a part of Catherine’s dowry to Charles.

All are correct.

It was founded in 1927 by Margaret Cousins in order to improve educational efforts for women and children and has expanded its scope to also tackle other women’s rights issues.

The first INA was formed under Mohan Singh.

Central Place Theory is a spatial theory in urban geography and urban economics. It explains the spatial arrangements, patterns and distribution of urban areas and human settlements.

America was also discovered by Columbus.

The average salinity is 35.6%.

El Nino is a name given to the development of a warm ocean current along the coast of Peru.

The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago. It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest.

It is in Germany. Other example is Sierra Niveda of USA,salt range of pakistan etc.

The stratosphere starts just above the troposphere and extends to 50 kilometers . The ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation, is in this layer.

It is the practice of growing one or more vegetable crops on a large scale for shipment to distant markets.

In Egypt, the Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway which connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea.

Birmingham is United Kingdom’s manufacturing and automotive industries hub.

Ahmedabad is known as the Manchester of India.

Shivanasamudra is a waterfall in the Chamarajanagar district of Karnataka along the river Kaveri.

The concept of Directive Principles of State Policy was borrowed from the Irish Constitution.

Although the right to property is no longer a fundamental right, it remains a constitutional right under Article 300A and a human right, as this Court noted in Vimlaben Ajitbhai Patel v.

Directive Principles aim at the establishment of welfare states under Part IV.

Constitutional Provisions relating to Right of Religion

• Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice and propagation of religion.
• Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs.
• Article 27: Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion.
• Article 28: Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions

Fundamental rights in India are the rights guaranteed under Part III (Articles 12-35) of the Constitution of India.

Gandhian Principles as DPSP

• Article 40: Organization of village Panchayats
• Article 43: Promotion of cottage industries
• Article 46: Promotion and protection of interests of educational and economic interests of SCs, STs, and other weaker sections of the society
• Article 47: Prohibition of consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs
• Article 48: Prohibition of slaughter of cows, calves and other milch and draught cattle and to improve their breeds

• Appropriation Bill gives power to the government to withdraw funds from the Consolidated Fund of India as per article 114 to meet the current expenditure during the financial year.
• A Finance Bill is a Bill that, as the name suggests, concerns the country’s finances — it could be about taxes, government expenditures, government borrowings, revenues, etc. Since the Union Budget deals with these things, it is passed as a Finance Bill.

Gram Panchayat was established for village level, Panchayat Samiti was for block level and Zila Parsihad was formed at district level.

According to Article 44 “The State shall endeavor to secure the citizen a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India”.

As per Article 108 of Constitution, a Joint session of Parliament can be summoned in the following situations.

If after a Bill has been passed by one House and submitted to the other House—

• (a) the Bill is rejected by the other House; or
• (b) the Houses have finally disagreed as to the amendments to be made in the Bill; or
• (c) more than six months elapse from the date of the reception of the Bill by the other House

Joint Sitting of Indian parliament has been called for only 3 bills:

1. Dowry Prohibition Bill, 1961
2. Banking Service Commission (Repeal) Bill, 1978
3. Prevention of Terrorism Bill, 2002

The Union Budget  referred to as the Annual Financial Statement in Article 112 of the Constitution of India, is the annual budget  of India, presented each year on the very first day of February by the Finance Minister of India in Parliament.

Governor can reserve the bill for infinite time for President accent.

He holds the office for six years or till he attains the age of 65 years whichever is earlier.

Judicial review is the power of an independent judiciary, or courts of law, to determine whether the acts of other components of the government are in accordance with the constitution. Any action that conflicts with the constitution is declared unconstitutional and therefore nullified.

The idea is that the basic features of the Constitution of India should not be altered to an extent that the identity of the Constitution is lost in the process.

• The following four cases gives the concept of ‘Basic structure’ doctrine- Shankari Prasad (1951), Golak Nath (1967), Keshavananda Bharati (1973) and Minerva mills (1980).
• Some of the Basic structure are:
  • Supremacy of the constitution
  • Rule of law
  • Sovereignty, liberty and republic nature of Indian polity.
  • Judicial review
  • Harmony and Balance between fundamental rights and directive principles.
  • Separation of power.
  • Federal character.
  • Parliamentary system.
  • Rule of equality.

The female literacy rate of Mizoram on the 2011 census was 89.3%.

The National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana (HRIDAY), a central sector scheme of the Government of India, was launched on 21^st January 2015 with the aim of bringing together urban planning, economic growth and heritage conservation in an inclusive manner & with the objective of preserving the heritage character of the City.

Under the Scheme, twelve cities namely, Ajmer, Amritsar, Amaravati, Badami, Dwarka, Gaya, Kanchipuram, Mathura, Puri, Varanasi Velankanni, Warangal have been identified for development. The mission period of HRIDAY scheme ended on 31^st March, 2019.

The scheme was launched by the Ministry of Housing and Urban affairs.