Master Computer Science & IT concepts: DBMS & SQL, Data Structures, Computer Networks, Operating Systems, Software Engineering, OOPs, and Network Security with detailed technical explanations.
Select your option below. Marking scheme: +1.00 positive, -0.25 negative.
In MySQL, which query correctly returns the salary appearing in the $n^{\text{th}}$ row after sorting all salaries in descending order from the Employees table?
Which of the following firewalls monitors the state of every connection on the network and allows or blocks packets according to this context, providing stronger security?
In SQL implementations that support the INSTR() function, what is the default starting index for the first character, and what value is returned if the specified substring is not found in the target string?
Consider the following transactions operating on database items $X$ and $Y$ with initial values: $X=200, Y=100$.
Transaction $T_1$:
Transaction $T_2$:
Both transactions execute completely and exactly once in any serial order without rollback or failure. What will be the final values of $X$ and $Y$?
Which ACID property ensures that a transaction is executed entirely or not executed at all, so that partial updates are not permanently applied if a failure occurs during execution?
Consider the relation: $R(\text{Roll\_No}, \text{Student\_ID}, \text{Course\_ID})$ with the following functional dependencies:
The above dependencies completely describe all functional dependencies of the relation. Identify the highest normal form satisfied by the relation.
In Tuple Relational Calculus (TRC), which of the following mathematical notations is used as a quantifier to express that at least one tuple in the relation satisfies a specific condition?
In most standard SQL implementations, which of the following statements regarding DROP and TRUNCATE commands is incorrect?
In DBMS, which referential integrity action of a foreign key constraint automatically deletes related child records when the corresponding parent record is deleted?
A rogue wireless access point that closely imitates a legitimate Wi-Fi network in order to trick users and capture their credentials is an example of which attack?
In JavaScript, null is a primitive value, but its type is reported as:
In Business Continuity Planning, a Disaster Recovery Plan is part of which international standard?
The <template> tag in HTML is not used for:
In Disaster Recovery Planning, which term refers to the maximum acceptable data loss measured in terms of time?
Three processes $P_1$, $P_2$, and $P_3$ arrive at time $0$ with burst times of $6$, $2$, and $4$ units respectively. Using Non-Preemptive Shortest Job First (SJF) Scheduling, what is the Turnaround Time (TAT) for $P_3$?
In JavaScript, null is a primitive value, but its type is reported as:
In Business Continuity Planning, a Disaster Recovery Plan is part of which international standard?
The <template> tag in HTML is not used for:
In Disaster Recovery Planning, which term refers to the maximum acceptable data loss measured in terms of time?
Three processes $P_1$, $P_2$, and $P_3$ arrive at time $0$ with burst times of $6$, $2$, and $4$ units respectively. Using Non-Preemptive Shortest Job First (SJF) Scheduling, what is the Turnaround Time (TAT) for $P_3$?
What does a router do if it receives an IP packet that is larger than the MTU of the outgoing link and the DF (Don't Fragment) bit is set?
Which sequence does a DNS resolver follow to translate a domain name into its corresponding IP address?
Which of the following is the standard used for digital certificates in a public key infrastructure?
In Asymmetric Encryption, which key is used to encrypt the message before sending to achieve confidentiality?
Match the Access Control Models in Column A with their corresponding Features in Column B:
| Column A – Access Control Models | Column B – Features |
|---|---|
| A. Zero Trust | 1. Based on roles in an organization |
| B. DAC (Discretionary AC) | 2. Based on security labels/classification |
| C. MAC (Mandatory AC) | 3. Access decided by the data owner |
| D. RBAC (Role-Based AC) | 4. Never trust, always verify (assume breach) |