The Pitts India Act of 1784 was passed in order to remove the defects of Government of India Act 1773. It was enacted to improve economic and political efficiency of British rule in India. For the first time the economic and political functions of the government was separated.
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Objectives of Pitts India Act of 1784
The East India Company, which had gradually gained control over various regions of India, faced significant challenges in governance and financial management. The Pitt’s India Act aimed to address these issues by establishing a more efficient and accountable system of governance, with a focus on the Company’s affairs and the administration of British territories in India.
Reforms and Key Provisions
- Board of Control: One of the pivotal reforms introduced by the Pitt’s India Act was the creation of the Board of Control. This body consisted of six members appointed by the British Crown, with the purpose of overseeing and supervising the affairs of the East India Company. The Board had the authority to scrutinize and veto the actions of the Company, bringing it under more direct government control.
- Dual Governance Structure: The act introduced a dual governance structure, separating commercial and political powers. The Court of Directors of the East India Company retained control over commercial matters, while the Board of Control supervised political and administrative decisions in India.
- Governors-General: The act established the office of the Governor-General of Bengal, who was to be appointed by the British Crown. The Governor-General had authority over the other presidencies, namely Madras and Bombay, and held greater powers to exercise control and implement policies.
- Revenue and Financial Reforms: The Pitt’s India Act also aimed to address the financial challenges faced by the East India Company. It introduced reforms related to revenue collection, taxation, and the audit of accounts, ensuring better financial management and transparency.
Conclusion
The Pitt’s India Act of 1784 was a significant milestone in British colonial rule in India. By introducing reforms such as the Board of Control and establishing a dual governance structure, the act aimed to bring greater accountability and centralized control over the affairs of the East India Company. The act’s impact extended beyond its immediate effects, laying the foundation for subsequent reforms and shaping the trajectory of India’s nationalist movement.
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