Month: July 2025

Regionalism refers to the loyalty or strong identification with a specific geographic region, often based on shared language, culture, ethnicity, or historical experience. While it can pose challenges to national unity, regionalism also plays a nuanced role in shaping social cohesion by fostering community bonds and localized governance. Positive Role of Regionalism in Social Cohesion: …

Discuss in detail the role of regionalism in shaping social cohesion. Read More »

A Strait is a narrow water channel that connects two larger bodies of water, while an Isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses and separating two water bodies. Though both serve as connectors, their physical nature and strategic roles differ significantly. Key Differences: Strait: A water passage between two landmasses. Facilitates …

Differentiate between ‘Strait’ and ‘Isthmus’. Describe the significances of ‘Strait’ and ‘Isthmus’ in international trade. Read More »

Although Chennai and Mangalore are located near the same latitude, their rainfall distribution varies significantly due to differences in coastal orientation, topography, and the influence of seasonal monsoons. Mangalore experiences heavy rainfall during the Southwest Monsoon, while Chennai receives most of its precipitation during the Northeast Monsoon. This variation is largely a result of the …

Chennai and Mangalore approximately lie on the same latitude, yet both places receive different amount of rainfall in different months. Why? How do you foresee the role of Arctic Sea in India’s monsoon system? Discuss. Read More »

The economy of Odisha presents a paradoxical situation—despite being rich in natural resources and showing high growth rates, the state continues to face widespread poverty, regional disparities, and underdevelopment in key sectors. Reasons for the Paradox Odisha has abundant mineral wealth (coal, iron ore, bauxite), yet many districts, especially tribal and rural areas, remain economically …

“Economy of Odisha reflects a paradoxical situation.” Briefly discuss the reasons for this and suggest some important steps that can be taken for proper development of the State. Read More »

The concepts of Generative City and Smart City represent two distinct paradigms in urban development, though both aim to enhance livability, sustainability, and efficiency. A Smart City is primarily driven by technology and data to improve urban services. It integrates ICT (Information and Communication Technology), AI, and IoT to optimize transportation, waste management, energy use, …

Differentiate between ‘Generative city’ and ‘Smart city’. Describe the feasibility of the best smart city of Odisha. Read More »

The Swadeshi Movement in Bengal (1905–1908) arose in reaction to the Partition of Bengal by Lord Curzon, which was perceived as an attempt to divide and weaken nationalist sentiment. The movement marked a new phase in India’s freedom struggle, characterized by mass mobilization, boycotts, and the promotion of indigenous goods. The movement began in August …

Give an outline of the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal between 1905 to 1908. Critically analyze its impact on freedom struggle. Read More »

The INA (Indian National Army) trials, held between 1945 and 1946, were a watershed moment in India’s freedom struggle, significantly accelerating the process of Indian Independence. These trials, conducted at the Red Fort, involved prominent INA officers such as Shah Nawaz Khan, Prem Kumar Sehgal, and Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon, who were charged with treason, murder, …

What role did the INA trials play in facilitating the process of Indian Independence? Read More »

Alekha or Mahima Dharma, a monotheistic religious movement that emerged in 19th-century Odisha, represents a powerful blend of spiritual asceticism and social reform. Founded by Mahima Swami, the sect challenged ritualism, caste discrimination, and idol worship, promoting instead a path of purity, simplicity, and truth. At its core, Alekha Dharma centers around the worship of …

Discuss the main principles of Alekha or Mahima Dharma. Read More »

Mahameghavahana Kharavela, the illustrious ruler of Kalinga in the 1st century BCE, is renowned for his cultural and artistic contributions to ancient India. His reign is primarily known through the Hathigumpha inscription near Bhubaneswar, which offers rich insights into his progressive patronage of art, architecture, and religion. Kharavela’s support for Jainism is notable, though he …

Analyze the cultural achievements of Mahameghavahana Kharavela. Read More »

Group-A (Attempt 10 out of 12), 15 marks each, Word limit: 250 Q1. Analyze the cultural achievements of Mahameghavahana Kharavela. Q2. Discuss the main principles of Alekha or Mahima Dharma. Q3. What role did the INA trials play in facilitating the process of Indian Independence? Q4. Give an outline of the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal …

OPSC Main Exam 2024 GS Paper I Solution Read More »