Month: July 2025

Q. What do you understand by the term climate resilience? What is the need for it? Ans: Climate resilience refers to the capacity of individuals, communities, ecosystems, and systems to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, and recover from the adverse impacts of climate change. It goes beyond mere survival—it involves bouncing forward by transforming development pathways …

What do you understand by the term climate resilience? What is the need for it? Read More »

Q. What is geoinformatics? What are its advantages in planning in various sectors? Ans: Geoinformatics is an interdisciplinary field that integrates geography, computer science, and data analytics to collect, process, analyze, and visualize spatial (geographic) data. It encompasses technologies like Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), and spatial databases, enabling informed …

What is geoinformatics? What are its advantages in planning in various sectors? Read More »

Q. Will the ageing population be a problem in India? If not, what are the problems you foresee in the age structure of the Indian population? Ans: India is undergoing a demographic transition, with its elderly population (60+ years) projected to double from 10.5% in 2022 to over 20% by 2050. While ageing itself is …

Will the ageing population be a problem in India? Read More »

Q. What is precision agriculture? Will it be possible in Indian agriculture? Ans: Precision agriculture is a modern farming approach that uses technology and data analytics to optimize agricultural inputs—such as water, fertilizers, and pesticides—based on site-specific needs. It aims to enhance productivity, sustainability, and resource efficiency by tailoring farm management practices to the variability …

What is precision agriculture? Will it be possible in Indian agriculture? Read More »

Q. What are the five ‘P’s in Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? Explain briefly. Ans: The five ‘P’s—People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace, and Partnership—form the foundational pillars of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations. They represent a holistic framework that integrates social, environmental, economic, and institutional dimensions of development. 1. People Focuses …

What are the five ‘P’s in sustainable development goals? Explain briefly. Read More »

Q. “Disaster Risk Reduction is everybody’s business.” Discuss with evidence. Ans: Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) refers to strategies aimed at minimizing vulnerabilities and disaster risks through proactive planning, preparedness, and resilience-building. The assertion that DRR is “everybody’s business” reflects the need for multi-stakeholder engagement, as disasters affect all segments of society and require collective action …

“Disaster Risk Reduction is everybody’s business.” Discuss with evidence. Read More »

Q. What were the reasons for the rapid growth of the Industrial Revolution in Europe? Discuss in the context of the relative absence of modern industrialisation in the prosperous lands of India and China till the 19th century. Ans: The Industrial Revolution in Europe, particularly in Britain, was driven by a unique convergence of economic, …

What were the reasons for the rapid growth of the industrial revolution in Europe? Read More »

Q. What is secularism? In what ways is it compatible with the multicultural, multi-religious ethos practiced by India across the ages? Ans: Secularism is the principle of separating religion from the State, ensuring that governance is neutral, inclusive, and non-discriminatory toward all faiths. In the Indian context, secularism does not imply indifference to religion but …

What is secularism? In what ways, it is compatible with the multicultural, multi-religious ethos practiced by India across the ages? Read More »

Q. How would a Union of States be different from a Federation of States? Discuss (a) In the context of the Constitutional position in India that India is a Union. (b) In contrast with the causes and consequences of the American Civil War through which the Union was forced onto the Confederacy. Ans: A Union …

How would a Union of States be different from a Federation of States? Read More »

Q. Throw light on the role of Jayi Rajaguru and Buxi Jagabandhu in resisting British control and inspiring people during the National Movement. Ans: Jayi Rajaguru and Buxi Jagabandhu were pioneering figures in Odisha’s early resistance against British colonial rule. Their leadership in the Khurda Rebellion (1804–05) and the Paika Rebellion (1817) respectively laid the …

Throw light on the role of Jayi Rajaguru and Buxi Jagabandhu in resisting British control and inspiring people during the National Movement. Read More »