Q. What is the meaning and scope of sustainable development? What are India’s sustainable development goals?
Ans: Sustainable development refers to a model of growth that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It seeks to balance economic progress, environmental protection, and social equity, ensuring long-term well-being for both people and the planet.
Meaning of Sustainable Development
- Originates from the Brundtland Report (1987).
- Emphasizes intergenerational equity, responsible resource use, and inclusive growth.
- Focuses on three pillars:
- Economic sustainability: Growth that is efficient and resilient.
- Environmental sustainability: Conservation of ecosystems and biodiversity.
- Social sustainability: Equity, justice, and access to basic services.
Scope of Sustainable Development
- Environmental Protection:
- Reducing pollution, conserving forests, and promoting renewable energy.
- Economic Growth:
- Encouraging green industries, innovation, and sustainable infrastructure.
- Social Inclusion:
- Addressing poverty, gender inequality, and access to education and healthcare.
- Global Cooperation:
- Tackling climate change and resource scarcity through international partnerships.
- Education and Awareness:
- Promoting sustainable lifestyles and responsible consumption.
India’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
India is committed to achieving the 17 SDGs adopted by the United Nations in 2015, to be fulfilled by 2030. These goals are coordinated nationally by NITI Aayog and monitored through the SDG India Index.
The 17 SDGs are:
- No Poverty
- Zero Hunger
- Good Health and Well-being
- Quality Education
- Gender Equality
- Clean Water and Sanitation
- Affordable and Clean Energy
- Decent Work and Economic Growth
- Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure
- Reduced Inequalities
- Sustainable Cities and Communities
- Responsible Consumption and Production
- Climate Action
- Life Below Water
- Life on Land
- Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions
- Partnerships for the Goals
India has launched several initiatives aligned with these goals, such as Swachh Bharat Mission, Jal Jeevan Mission, PMAY, and Startup India, aiming to integrate sustainability into governance and development.
Conclusion: Sustainable development is not just a policy goal but a moral imperative. For India, achieving the SDGs means building a future that is inclusive, resilient, and environmentally sound, ensuring prosperity for all while safeguarding the planet.