Q1. Mandamus means
(a) A writ issued by a superior court command that a specified thing be done.
(b) A legal term for a prisoner’s right to appear in person and be tried in court.
(c) A written public declaration of the intentions, opinions or motives of a sovereign or of a leader, party or body.
(d) The principle of hybridisation, discovered by Gregor Mendel which led to the improved breeds of plant and animal life.
(UPSC Prelims 1985)
Answer: (a) A writ issued by a superior court command that a specified thing be done.
Explanation: Mandamus is a judicial writ issued by a higher court directing a lower authority or public official to perform a mandatory duty. It ensures legal accountability and enforcement of rights.