| #4226 |
What does the duty “to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals” mean? |
Citizens must uphold the Constitution and its principles |
| #4227 |
Do Fundamental Duties apply to non-citizens? |
No, only Indian citizens |
| #4228 |
Are Fundamental Duties applicable to all citizens? |
Yes, to every citizen of India |
| #4229 |
What is the main purpose of Fundamental Duties? |
To promote patriotism, discipline, and a sense of responsibility among citizens |
| #4230 |
How many Fundamental Duties are there in India today? |
11 |
| #4231 |
Who introduced Fundamental Duties in the Constitution? |
They were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 |
| #4232 |
Are Fundamental Duties enforceable by law? |
No, they are moral obligations, not legally enforceable |
| #4233 |
Which part of the Constitution lists Fundamental Duties? |
Part IV-A, Article 51A |
| #4234 |
Can Fundamental Rights be amended by Parliament? |
Yes, but the “basic structure” of the Constitution cannot be altered |
| #4235 |
Do Fundamental Rights apply to private individuals? |
Mostly no, they apply against the State; some exceptions exist under law |
| #4236 |
Are Fundamental Rights absolute? |
No, they are subject to reasonable restrictions |
| #4237 |
Can rights of prisoners be protected under Fundamental Rights? |
Yes, courts ensure humane treatment under Article 21 |
| #4238 |
Can right to privacy be claimed under Fundamental Rights? |
Yes, under Article 21 as part of personal liberty |
| #4239 |
Can Fundamental Rights protect environmental rights? |
Yes, courts interpret Article 21 to include clean environment |
| #4240 |
Can Fundamental Rights be reasonably restricted for national security? |
Yes, only in the interest of sovereignty and integrity |
| #4241 |
Which amendment strengthened rights during emergencies? |
44th Amendment |
| #4242 |
Can Fundamental Rights be suspended during an emergency? |
Some can, but Articles 20 and 21 cannot be suspended |
| #4243 |
Which writ allows higher courts to review lower court orders? |
Certiorari |
| #4244 |
Which writ questions legality of someone holding public office? |
Quo Warranto |
| #4245 |
Which writ commands an official to perform a duty? |
Mandamus |
| #4246 |
Which writ forbids an authority from doing something? |
Prohibition |
| #4247 |
Which writ challenges illegal detention? |
Habeas Corpus |
| #4248 |
Which Article allows citizens to go to the Supreme Court for violation of Fundamental Rights? |
Article 32 |
| #4249 |
Who can establish educational institutions under Article 30? (Repeat) |
Religious and linguistic minorities |
| #4250 |
What does Article 29 protect? |
Cultural, linguistic, and educational rights of minorities |