Two factors affecting the span of control are: Nature of the work: If the work is simple and repetitive, the span of control can be wider. However, if the work is complex and requires close supervision, the span of control must be narrower. Ability of the manager: Some managers are more capable of supervising large numbers of …
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Public Administration, as a discipline, encompasses various branches and subfields that focus on different aspects of public governance and administration. Here are three prominent branches of Public Administration: Public Policy Analysis: Explanation: Public policy analysis is a branch of Public Administration that examines the formulation, implementation, and evaluation of public policies. It involves the systematic …
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Two basic elements of New socialism propounded by Ram Manohar Lohia are: Decentralization: Lohia believed that centralization of power leads to corruption and inequality. He advocated for a decentralized political and economic system in which power is vested in the people and their local communities. Social justice: Lohia was a strong advocate of social justice and equality. …
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Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and India’s first Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs, held economic ideas that were rooted in the broader principles of socialism, self-sufficiency, and equitable distribution of resources. While Patel’s primary focus was on political and administrative integration during the challenging period after …
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The four objectives of humankind narrated by Deendayal Upadhyaya are: 1. Dharma (moral duties) 2. Artha (wealth) 3. Kama (desire or satisfaction) 4. Moksha (total liberation or ‘salvation’) Upadhyaya believed that these four objectives are hierarchically organized, with dharma being the most basic and moksha being the ultimate objective. He also believed that these objectives …
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The media plays a crucial role in elections by serving as a primary source of information and communication between political candidates, parties, and the electorate. Its role encompasses various dimensions that impact the electoral process and democracy as a whole: Informative Role: The media acts as a critical source of information for voters. It disseminates …
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Self-help groups (SHGs) offer several advantages to their members, especially in the context of socio-economic development and empowerment. Some of the major advantages of self-help groups include: Financial Inclusion: SHGs often provide financial services to their members, including savings and credit facilities. Members pool their savings, which can be used to provide loans to members …
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The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 introduced significant changes to local governance in India by adding a new Part IX to the Constitution, which specifically deals with Panchayati Raj institutions. Three salient features of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act are: Decentralization of Power: One of the central features of the 73rd Amendment is the …
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Voting behavior is influenced by a complex interplay of factors, but here are four key determining factors: Political Affiliation and Party Loyalty: Political ideology and party loyalty are significant determinants of voting behavior. Individuals who strongly identify with a particular political party are more likely to vote for candidates from that party, regardless of the …
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NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) is a policy think tank and planning body in India that focuses on two major categories of activities: Formulating Policies and Strategies: NITI Aayog plays a crucial role in formulating long-term policies and strategies for the development of the country. It engages in extensive research, analysis, and consultations …
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