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What is Signal? A signal is a function that conveys information about a phenomenon. In electrical engineering, signals are typically represented as functions of time. They can be categorized into different types based on their characteristics: Continuous-Time Signals: These are defined for every time instance and are represented as x(t). Examples include analog signals like …

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An ideal current source is a theoretical concept to represent a device or circuit element that provides a constant current regardless of the voltage across it. Important Features of Ideal Current Source Constant Current Output: The current provided by an ideal current source remains constant regardless of the voltage across its terminals. This means that it …

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Ideal Voltage Source An ideal voltage source is a fundamental concept in electrical engineering and in network theory. It provides a perfect, unchanging voltage to any connected circuit, unaffected by any external factors or load variations. Characteristics of an Ideal Voltage Source Constant Voltage: An ideal voltage source maintains a constant voltage across its terminals …

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Section 1- Engineering Mathematics Linear Algebra Eigenvectors Systems of linear equations Matrix Algebra Eigenvalues Calculus Theorems of Integral Calculus Mean Value Theorems Evaluation Of Definite And Improper Integrals Maxima And Minima Partial Derivatives Multiple Integrals Vector Identities Fourier Series Directional Derivatives Surface Integral Line Integral Volume Integral Stokes’s Theorem Divergence Theorem Gauss’s Theorem Green’s Theorem …

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Norton’s Theorem Norton’s Theorem is another fundamental principle in electrical engineering that simplifies the analysis of complex linear circuits. It states that any linear electrical network with voltage and current sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single current source (\( I_{N} \)) in parallel with a resistance (\( …

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Thevenin’s Theorem Thevenin’s Theorem is a fundamental principle in electrical engineering that simplifies the analysis of complex linear circuits. It states that any linear electrical network with voltage and current sources and resistances can be replaced by an equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage source (\( V_{th} \)) in series with a resistance (\( …

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The superposition theorem is a fundamental principle in network theory that applies to linear circuits with multiple independent sources (voltage or current sources). It states that in a linear network containing several independent sources, the voltage across or current through any element in the network can be determined by algebraically summing the contributions from each …

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Quadratic Equation Quadratic Equation A quadratic equation in terms of the constants \(a\), \(b\), and \(c\) can be written as: \[ ax^2 + bx + c = 0 \] where: \(a\) is the coefficient of \(x^2\) \(b\) is the coefficient of \(x\) \(c\) is the constant term

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) is one of the fundamental principles in electrical circuit theory. It states that the sum of all electrical potential differences (voltages) around any closed network (or loop) is zero. This law is based on the principle of energy conservation, implying that the total energy …

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Kirchhoff’s Current Law Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL), also known as Kirchhoff’s First Law, is a fundamental principle in electrical circuit theory. It states that the total current entering a junction (or node) in an electrical circuit is equal to the total current leaving that junction. In other words, the algebraic sum …

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