The Karachi Session of the Indian National Congress, held in March 1931, was significant for consolidating the outcomes of the Civil Disobedience Movement and endorsing the Gandhi-Irwin Pact. It marked a new phase in Congress strategy, balancing negotiations with the British and mass mobilization.
Background
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The Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–1931), initiated with the Salt March, had created widespread agitation and attracted international attention.
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Gandhi had negotiated with the British, resulting in the Gandhi-Irwin Pact (5th March 1931).
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Congress leaders sought to ratify the pact and plan the next steps toward Swaraj.
Major Decisions and Highlights
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The session was presided over by Mahatma Gandhi, emphasizing non-violence and unity.
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Gandhi-Irwin Pact was ratified, agreeing to temporarily suspend civil disobedience.
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Emphasis was placed on participation in Round Table Conferences in London to discuss constitutional reforms.
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Congress reaffirmed its commitment to Purna Swaraj (complete independence) as the ultimate goal.
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Constructive programs like Khadi promotion, village industries, and eradication of untouchability were encouraged alongside political activity.
Significance
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Strengthened Gandhi’s moral authority and leadership within Congress.
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Demonstrated Congress’s ability to combine negotiation with mass mobilization.
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Marked a temporary pause in direct confrontation with the British while keeping the momentum of the independence movement alive.
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Provided a platform to prepare for future mass movements in case constitutional negotiations failed.
Key Takeaway
The Karachi Session of 1931 symbolized a strategic consolidation for Congress, ratifying the Gandhi-Irwin Pact while reaffirming the ultimate goal of complete independence. It balanced negotiation with continued mass mobilization, keeping the freedom struggle dynamic and united.