Magnetic field:
A magnetic field is a field that surrounds a magnet or a moving electric charge and can exert a force on other magnets or electric charges within the field. Magnetic fields can be visualized as lines of magnetic flux that flow from the north pole of a magnet to its south pole. The strength of a magnetic field depends on the size and orientation of the magnet or current-carrying conductor, as well as the distance from the field source.
Magnetic field due to a current-carrying conductor:
A magnetic field can be created by a current-carrying conductor, such as a wire. When an electric current flows through a conductor, it creates a magnetic field that is proportional to the current and the length of the conductor. The direction of the magnetic field can be determined using the right-hand rule. The magnetic field created by a current-carrying conductor is important in many applications, including motors, generators, and transformers.
Moving coil galvanometer:
A moving coil galvanometer is a type of meter that is used to measure electric currents. It works by using a current-carrying coil that is suspended in a magnetic field. The coil is free to rotate and the movement of the coil is proportional to the current passing through it. Moving coil galvanometers are commonly used in electrical and electronic circuit testing.
Electromagnetic Induction:
Electromagnetic induction is the process by which a changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a conductor. This phenomenon was first discovered by Michael Faraday and is described by Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. Electromagnetic induction is an important concept in many applications, including generators, motors, and transformers.
AC generator:
An AC generator, also known as an alternator, is a device that generates alternating current (AC) by using electromagnetic induction. An AC generator works by rotating a conductor in a magnetic field, which induces an alternating current in the conductor. AC generators are commonly used in power plants to generate the electric power that is distributed to homes and businesses.
Transformer:
A transformer is an electrical component that is used to increase or decrease the voltage of an alternating current (AC) power supply. A transformer works by using electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy from one coil of wire to another. Transformers are important in power transmission and distribution, as they allow high-voltage power to be transmitted over long distances with minimal losses, and then transformed into low-voltage power for safe use in homes and businesses.