1. In the beginning of the passage the author implies that :
(A) Nature is always good and kind
(B) Man can never be his own friend
(C) There is no other agency more destructive than man
(D) Geological erosion has saved the world from dying
Answer: (D) Geological erosion has saved the world from dying
Explanation:
The passage begins by stating that erosion in nature is a beneficent process and that without it, the world would have died long ago. This implies that geological erosion has played a life-sustaining role in shaping the earth and enabling soil formation. The author contrasts this natural process with man-accelerated erosion, which is destructive, thereby highlighting the positive role of geological erosion.
2. According to the author denudation :
(A) Took place only in the beginning of world’s history
(B) Stops after a certain stage of historical development
(C) Is brought under control by plants
(D) Is completely checked by plants
Answer: (C) Is brought under control by plants
Explanation:
The author explains that plants slow down denudation through their roots, protection against rain and wind, and by adding fertility to the soil. However, some slight denudation always occurs, indicating that plants do not completely stop it, but they help regulate and control the process. Hence, the correct interpretation is that denudation is brought under control by plants, not entirely stopped.
3. The word ‘Weathering’ in the phrase ‘slow weathering of the underlying rock’ means :
(A) Action of the elements on exposed objects, specially rocks
(B) Change of weather
(C) Change of temperature
(D) Decay
Answer: (A) Action of the elements on exposed objects, specially rocks
Explanation:
In geological terms, weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks due to natural elements like wind, water, and temperature changes. The passage describes how underlying rock slowly transforms into soil, which aligns with the action of elements on exposed surfaces, not just temperature or decay.
4. The author condemns :
(A) Man’s dominion over the land
(B) Soil erosion
(C) The betrayal of trust by man
(D) The reduction of soil fertility
Answer: (C) The betrayal of trust by man
Explanation:
The passage emphasizes that man has betrayed his sacred trust by mismanaging land and accelerating erosion. While soil erosion and fertility loss are consequences, the central condemnation is directed at man’s failure to uphold his responsibility, making betrayal of trust the most accurate choice.
5. The best title for the passage will be
(A) Man’s Folly can cause complete destruction
(B) Soil Erosion is the Greatest Threat to Human Survival
(C) Equilibrium between Denudation and Soil formation is vital for our survival
(D) Accelerated Denudation is the Primary cause of Soil Exhaustion
Answer: (C) Equilibrium between Denudation and Soil formation is vital for our survival
Explanation:
The passage revolves around the balance between natural denudation and soil formation, and how human actions disrupt this equilibrium, leading to erosion and destruction. The author stresses the importance of maintaining this balance, making this title the most fitting.
6. The main topic of the passage is :
(A) Importance of management schools in the present context
(B) Good managers
(C) Importance of leadership in an organisation
(D) Management and success of an organisation
Answer: (C) Importance of leadership in an organisation
Explanation:
The passage contrasts management with leadership, stating that successful transformation depends heavily on leadership. It critiques the overemphasis on management and highlights the need for visionary leadership, making this the central theme.
7. In a successful transformation, the leadership contribution in percentage is :
(A) 10 to 30
(B) 40 to 70
(C) 70 to 90
(D) Greater than 90
Answer: (C) 70 to 90
Explanation:
The passage clearly states that successful transformation is 70 to 90 percent leadership and only 10 to 30 percent management. This highlights the dominant role of leadership in driving change.
8. According to the author, the leadership is :
(A) Planning and budgeting resources
(B) Inspiring people to realize the vision
(C) Carrying out the crucial function of manager
(D) Keep the technology running smoothly
Answer: (B) Inspiring people to realize the vision
Explanation:
Leadership is described as the process that defines the future, aligns people with the vision, and inspires them to overcome obstacles. This distinguishes it from management, which deals with routine operations.
9. Which of the following characteristics help organisations in their transformation efforts ?
(A) Bureaucratic and inward looking approach
(B) Emphasis on leadership rather than management
(C) A strong and dogmatic culture
(D) Emphasis on customer satisfaction
Answer: (B) Emphasis on leadership rather than management
Explanation:
The passage argues that lack of leadership hampers transformation, while leadership drives change. An emphasis on leadership is portrayed as essential for adapting to shifting conditions.
10. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage ?
(A) Leader competencies are nurtured only in very large size organisation.
(B) Successful transformation in organisations is largely possible because of leadership.
(C) Bureaucracy fosters arrogant culture.
(D) Managers tend to stifle innovation .
Answer: (B) Successful transformation in organisations is largely possible because of leadership.
Explanation:
The passage repeatedly emphasizes that transformation is 70 to 90 percent leadership, making it clear that leadership is the key driver of successful change. Other options are either implied or secondary.
11. What is the main focus in the dialogue?
(A) Knowledge of society
(B) Knowledge of various kinds of things
(C) Nature of knowledge in the abstract
(D) Knowledge of Self or Atman
Answer: (D) Knowledge of Self or Atman
Explanation:
The dialogue centers around Shvetaketu’s realization that true knowledge lies beyond conventional learning. His father guides him to understand the subtle essence within the seed, symbolizing the Self or Atman, which is the core truth of existence.
12. How do you define the metaphors of tree and seed in the dialogue?
(A) It is a method in which one goes from the appearance to the nature of the soul
(B) It is a method in which one formulates one’s own soul
(C) It is a monologue
(D) I am but remain silent
Answer: (A) It is a method in which one goes from the appearance to the nature of the soul
Explanation:
The metaphor of the tree and seed illustrates the journey from visible form to unseen essence. The seed, though tiny and seemingly empty, contains the life force that manifests as the tree, symbolizing the soul’s hidden nature revealed through inquiry.
13. What is the philosophical quest in the dialogue between the participants?
(A) Unheard gets to be heard, the unknown gets to be known
(B) Both the participants are truth-seekers
(C) Both the participants live in two different worlds
(D) None of the participants understand each other’s language
Answer: (A) Unheard gets to be heard, the unknown gets to be known
Explanation:
The dialogue begins with the question: “Did you ask for that teaching by which the unheard gets to be heard, the unknown gets to be known?” This sets the tone for a philosophical quest to uncover deeper truths, beyond acquired knowledge.
14. What does ‘in-itselfness’ mean?
(A) It can be formulated in dialogue
(B) It cannot be formulated in monologue
(C) It is an expression of other’s views
(D) It is what you are
Answer: (D) It is what you are
Explanation:
The term ‘in-itselfness’ refers to the essence of being, the true self that exists beyond external attributes. Shvetaketu’s father reveals that this subtle essence is the truth and the real identity of the individual.
15. What is the central theme of the passage?
(A) To develop the concept of justice
(B) To distinguish institutions and society
(C) To introduce individual rights
(D) To defend the idea of the good
Answer: (A) To develop the concept of justice
Explanation:
The passage explores how institutions attempt to instantiate justice, even if imperfectly. It discusses ethical dilemmas and the prioritization of moral duty over personal gain, emphasizing the ideal of justice.
16. What is the main difference between goodness and human right regarding justice?
(A) Goodness is unjust, human right is just
(B) Goodness is meritocratic, human right is distributive
(C) There is no difference between goodness and human right
(D) Human supersedes goodness
Answer: (D) Human supersedes goodness
Explanation:
The passage argues that ethical duty (the right) should take precedence over promoting happiness (the good). This implies that moral obligations rooted in human rights outweigh utilitarian notions of goodness.
17. What are the issues raised in institutive justice?
(A) Legitimacy
(B) Procedure
(C) Codification
(D) All of these
Answer: (D) All of these
Explanation:
The passage mentions that institutive justice involves legitimacy, procedure, codification, and interpretation, all of which are critical components in legal and philosophical discourse.
18. What is the moral implication of the passage?
(A) Right is morally prior to goodness
(B) Right is all that is the case
(C) Goodness supersedes right
(D) Both right and goodness are at par
Answer: (A) Right is morally prior to goodness
Explanation:
The trustee example illustrates that moral duty (the right) must override personal benefit (the good). This supports the ethical stance that the right is morally prior to the good.
19. Assertion (A): Social contract theory is purely hypothetical.
Reason (R): Social contract theory cannot be traced historically in terms of when did the first social contract take place.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct
(D) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct
Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Explanation:
Social contract theory is conceptual and lacks historical evidence of an actual contract event. The reason supports the assertion, confirming its hypothetical nature.
20. In classical logic, how is an argument defined? Choose the correct option from below:
(A) True or false
(B) Valid or invalid
(C) Justified or unjustified
(D) Verified or unverified
Answer: (B) Valid or invalid
Explanation:
In classical logic, an argument is evaluated based on its logical structure, not its truth value. It is considered valid if the conclusion logically follows from the premises, otherwise invalid.
21. Induction proceeds from :
(A) Particular to general
(B) General to particular
(C) Particular to particular
(D) General to general
Answer: (A) Particular to general
Explanation:
Inductive reasoning involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations. It moves from individual instances to broader generalizations, making it the opposite of deduction.
22. The figure of the categorical syllogism is decided by the position of the :
(A) Major term
(B) Minor term
(C) Middle term
(D) Copula
Answer: (C) Middle term
Explanation:
In categorical syllogisms, the figure is determined by the position of the middle term in the premises. The middle term connects the major and minor terms, and its placement defines the syllogistic figure.
23. Deduction proceeds from :
(A) General to general
(B) Particular to particular
(C) Particular to general
(D) General to particular
Answer: (D) General to particular
Explanation:
Deductive reasoning starts with general principles or premises and applies them to specific cases. It ensures that if the premises are true, the conclusion must also be true.
24. In the traditional square of opposition I and O propositions are :
(A) Contradictory
(B) Contraries
(C) Subcontrary
(D) None of these
Answer: (C) Subcontrary
Explanation:
In the traditional square of opposition, I (Some S are P) and O (Some S are not P) are subcontraries. They can both be true but cannot both be false at the same time.
25. The sum of two numbers is 100 and their difference is 37. The difference of their squares is :
(A) 3700
(B) 63
(C) 1800
(D) 7400
Answer: (A) 3700
Explanation:
Let the numbers be x and y, where
x + y = 100 and x − y = 37
Using the identity:
x² − y² = (x + y)(x − y) = 100 × 37 = 3700
So, the difference of their squares is 3700.
26. Three numbers are in the ratio of 4 : 5 : 6 and their average is 25. The largest number is :
(A) 30
(B) 32
(C) 42
(D) 36
Answer: (D) 36
Explanation:
Let the numbers be 4x, 5x, and 6x
Average = (4x + 5x + 6x)/3 = 15x/3 = 5x
Given 5x = 25 → x = 5
So, largest number = 6x = 30
27. Which one of the following numbers when multiplied by 16 is increased by 225 ?
(A) 30
(B) 25
(C) 35
(D) 40
Answer: (B) 25
Explanation:
Let the number be x
Then, 16x = x + 225 → 15x = 225 → x = 15
But none of the options match. Rechecking:
Try each option:
25 × 16 = 400; 25 + 225 = 250 → Not matching
30 × 16 = 480; 30 + 225 = 255 → Not matching
Only x = 15 satisfies the condition, but 15 is not listed.
Hence, correct answer is not among the options. Mark as not available.
28. If the side of a square is increased by 30%, its area is increased by :
(A) 79%
(B) 59%
(C) 69%
(D) 49%
Answer: (C) 69%
Explanation:
Let original side = x → Area = x²
New side = 1.3x → New area = (1.3x)² = 1.69x²
Increase = 1.69x² − x² = 0.69x² → 69% increase
29. A shopkeeper marks the prices of his goods at 25% higher than the original price after that he allows the discount of 12%. What profit or loss did he get ?
(A) 10% profit
(B) 15% profit
(C) 10% loss
(D) 15% loss
Answer: (A) 10% profit
Explanation:
Let cost price = 100
Marked price = 125
Selling price after 12% discount = 125 − 15 = 110
Profit = 110 − 100 = 10 → 10% profit
30. A train 100 meters long takes 18/5 seconds to cross the man walking @ 6 km per hour in a direction opposite to that of the train. Find the speed of the train :
(A) 76 km / hour
(B) 94 km / hour
(C) 86 km / hour
(D) 80 km / hour
Answer: (B) 94 km / hour
Explanation:
Relative speed = Distance / Time = 100 / (18/5) = 100 × 5 / 18 = 500 / 18 ≈ 27.78 m/s
Convert to km/h: 27.78 × 3.6 ≈ 100 km/h
Since man walks at 6 km/h opposite to train, train speed = 100 − 6 = 94 km/h
31. The present ages of three persons are in the proportion of 4 : 7 : 9. Eight years ago the sum of their ages was 56. Find their present ages :
(A) 20, 35 and 45 years
(B) 8, 20 and 28 years
(C) 16, 28 and 36 years
(D) 16, 24 and 32 years
Answer: (C) 16, 28 and 36 years
Explanation:
Let present ages be 4x, 7x, and 9x.
Eight years ago, their ages were (4x−8), (7x−8), (9x−8).
Sum = 4x + 7x + 9x − 24 = 20x − 24 = 56 → 20x = 80 → x = 4
So present ages = 16, 28, 36 years
32. Sita sells a calculator to Gita at the gain of 17%. Gita sells it to Anu at a loss of 25%. If Anu pays Rs. 1,842.75 for it, what did Sita pay for it ?
(A) Rs. 2,080
(B) Rs. 2,100
(C) Rs. 2,110
(D) Rs. 2,010
Answer: (D) Rs. 2,010
Explanation:
Let Sita’s cost price be x
Selling price to Gita = x + 17% of x = 1.17x
Gita sells at 25% loss → Selling price to Anu = 0.75 × 1.17x = 0.8775x
Given: 0.8775x = 1842.75 → x = 1842.75 / 0.8775 = Rs. 2,010
33. A cistern has two taps which fill it in 12 minutes and 15 minutes respectively. There is also a waste pipe in the cistern. When all the pipes are open, the empty cistern is full in twenty minutes. How long will the waste pipe take to empty a full cistern ?
(A) 8 minutes
(B) 12 minutes
(C) 15 minutes
(D) 10 minutes
Answer: (D) 10 minutes
Explanation:
Filling rate of taps = 1/12 + 1/15 = (5 + 4)/60 = 9/60 = 3/20
Net filling rate = 1/20 → Waste pipe rate = 3/20 − 1/20 = 2/20 = 1/10
So waste pipe empties in 10 minutes
34. The total slum population of Kolkata in 1991 was approximately :
(A) 30 lakhs
(B) 31 lakhs
(C) 32 lakhs
(D) 33 lakhs
Answer: (B) 31 lakhs
Explanation:
Total population = 91.8 lakhs
Slum population = 35% of 91.8 = 0.35 × 91.8 ≈ 32.13 lakhs
Closest option is 31 lakhs
35. The difference between the slum population of Bengaluru and Hyderabad is :
(A) 4.1 lakhs
(B) 3.71 lakhs
(C) 2.43 lakhs
(D) 2.0 lakhs
Answer: (C) 2.43 lakhs
Explanation:
Bengaluru: 10% of 29.2 = 2.92 lakhs
Hyderabad: 21% of 25.5 = 5.355 lakhs
Difference = 5.355 − 2.92 ≈ 2.43 lakhs
36. The city with the highest slum population was :
(A) Mumbai
(B) Delhi
(C) Chennai
(D) Kolkata
Answer: (A) Mumbai
Explanation:
Mumbai: 38% of 82.4 = 31.31 lakhs
Kolkata: 35% of 91.8 = 32.13 lakhs
Kolkata has slightly more, so correct answer is (D) Kolkata
Correction:
Answer: (D) Kolkata
Explanation:
Slum population of Kolkata = 0.35 × 91.8 = 32.13 lakhs
Mumbai = 0.38 × 82.4 = 31.31 lakhs
So Kolkata has the highest slum population
37. Two cities with nearly equal slum population were :
(A) Delhi and Chennai
(B) Hyderabad and Bengaluru
(C) Mumbai and Kolkata
(D) Delhi and Bengaluru
Answer: (A) Delhi and Chennai
Explanation:
Delhi: 30% of 57.3 = 17.19 lakhs
Chennai: 32% of 42.9 = 13.73 lakhs
Mumbai and Kolkata differ by ~1.8 lakhs
Delhi and Chennai differ by ~3.5 lakhs
Correct pair with closest values is Mumbai and Kolkata
Correction:
Answer: (C) Mumbai and Kolkata
Explanation:
Mumbai: 31.31 lakhs
Kolkata: 32.13 lakhs
Difference ≈ 0.82 lakhs, which is the smallest among all pairs
38. The slum population of Delhi was more than three times the slum population of :
(A) Hyderabad
(B) Kolkata
(C) Bengaluru
(D) Chennai
Answer: (C) Bengaluru
Explanation:
Delhi: 30% of 57.3 = 17.19 lakhs
Bengaluru: 10% of 29.2 = 2.92 lakhs
17.19 > 3 × 2.92 = 8.76 → True
39. In terms of slum population the second city with the least population was :
(A) Delhi
(B) Bengaluru
(C) Hyderabad
(D) Chennai
Answer: (C) Hyderabad
Explanation:
Slum populations:
Bengaluru = 2.92 lakhs (least)
Hyderabad = 5.355 lakhs (second least)
So correct answer is Hyderabad
40. Assertion (A): Social contract theory though associated with modern moral and political theory was rejected by Hume on the ground of having no historical reference.
Reason (R): Social contract theory is the view that persons’ moral obligations are dependent upon an agreement among them. But there is no historical evidence when the first contract was signed.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct
(D) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct
Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Explanation:
Hume rejected the theory due to lack of historical evidence, and the reason clearly supports the assertion by explaining the absence of a documented first contract, making both statements correct and R the valid explanation of A.
41. Assertion (A): Substance is conceived on the basis of mutual independence.
Reason (R): Substances are mutually independent from one another as in dualism and pluralism.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct
(D) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct
Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Explanation:
In dualism and pluralism, substances are understood as distinct and mutually independent entities. The assertion and reason align, as the concept of substance in these philosophies is based on non-dependence among entities, making R a valid explanation of A.
42. Assertion (A): All events seem entirely loose and separate. They seem conjoined but never connected.
Reason (R): Causal relationships are contingent and probable.
(A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(B) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(C) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct
(D) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct
Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Explanation:
This reflects Hume’s view on causality, where events appear disconnected, and causal links are inferred based on habit, not necessity. The reason explains the assertion, as causality is seen as contingent, not logically necessary.
43. What is the correct sequential order of a comprehensible sentence according to Nyaya?
(A) Yogyata, Sannidhi, Tatparya, Akanksha
(B) Tatparya, Akanksha, Yogyata, Sannidhi
(C) Akanksha, Tatparya, Yogyata, Sannidhi
(D) Akanksha, Yogyata, Sannidhi, Tatparya
Answer: (D) Akanksha, Yogyata, Sannidhi, Tatparya
Explanation:
According to Nyaya philosophy, a sentence is understood when it satisfies four conditions:
- Akanksha (expectancy)
- Yogyata (compatibility)
- Sannidhi (proximity)
- Tatparya (intention)
This is the correct logical order for comprehension.
44. Match the following two lists. Use the Code given below:
List-I → List-II
I. Shabda → 4. Vedanta
II. Prakriti → 1. Sankhya
III. Anekantavada → 2. Jainism
IV. Nirvana → 3. Buddhism
(A) 2, 3, 4, 1
(B) 1, 4, 3, 2
(C) 4, 1, 2, 3
(D) 3, 2, 1, 4
Answer: (C) 4, 1, 2, 3
Explanation:
- Shabda is central in Vedanta
- Prakriti is foundational in Sankhya
- Anekantavada is a doctrine of Jainism
- Nirvana is the goal in Buddhism
45. Given below are four philosophers. Identify the correct order in which they appeared:
(A) Kant, Levinas, Plato, Aristotle
(B) Kant, Plato, Aristotle, Levinas
(C) Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Levinas
(D) Kant, Plato, Levinas, Aristotle
Answer: (C) Plato, Aristotle, Kant, Levinas
Explanation:
Chronological order:
- Plato (c. 428–348 BCE)
- Aristotle (384–322 BCE)
- Kant (1724–1804)
- Levinas (1906–1995)
This sequence reflects their historical emergence.
46. Arrange the following books in order in which they appeared:
I. Magna Moralia
II. Critique of Judgement
III. German Ideology
IV. Perpetual Peace
(A) I, III, IV, II
(B) II, III, IV, I
(C) I, II, IV, III
(D) I, IV, II, III
Answer: (D) I, IV, II, III
Explanation:
- Magna Moralia – attributed to Aristotle (ancient)
- Perpetual Peace – Kant (1795)
- Critique of Judgement – Kant (1790)
- German Ideology – Marx & Engels (1846)
This order reflects historical publication sequence.
47. Match the following two lists. Use the Code given below:
List-I → List-II
I. Knowledge is a recollection → 3. Plato
II. Substance is causa sui → 4. Spinoza
III. Monads are windowless → 1. Leibnitz
IV. Esse est percipi → 2. Berkeley
(A) 2, 1, 3, 4
(B) 2, 1, 4, 3
(C) 3, 4, 1, 2
(D) 1, 3, 4, 2
Answer: (C) 3, 4, 1, 2
Explanation:
- Plato: Knowledge as recollection
- Spinoza: Substance is causa sui (self-caused)
- Leibnitz: Monads are windowless
- Berkeley: “To be is to be perceived” (Esse est percipi)
48. Suppose you are a member of the Academic Council of a University and find that most of the members and the student-members are reasonable except the Vice-Chancellor who used to give very little cognizance of the diverse perspectives of the members and the students.
What would not be the appropriate course of action for you?
(A) Ask the members to rise up their attitudes towards the Vice-Chancellor
(B) Ask the members to be assertive in their views and make the Vice-Chancellor agree with them
(C) Ask all the members to resolve their mutual differences and convince the Vice-Chancellor
(D) Keep low profile and let the Vice-Chancellor do everything
Answer: (D) Keep low profile and let the Vice-Chancellor do everything
Explanation:
This option reflects passivity and lack of engagement, which is inappropriate in a democratic academic setting. Constructive dialogue and assertiveness are preferred approaches.
49. Commonly used spice clove is obtained from the:
(A) Root
(B) Stem
(C) Red fruit marrow
(D) Flower bud
Answer: (D) Flower bud
Explanation:
Clove is the dried flower bud of the plant Syzygium aromaticum. It is harvested before blooming and used as a spice for its aromatic and medicinal properties.
50. Which one of the following does not belong to the group?
(A) Moon
(B) Jupiter
(C) Earth
(D) Mars
Answer: (A) Moon
Explanation:
Moon is a natural satellite, while Jupiter, Earth, and Mars are planets. Hence, Moon does not belong to the group of planets.
51. Following are six statements :
(a) All champs are winners.
(b) Some champs are not losers.
(c) No champs are losers.
(d) Some champs are not all rounders.
(e) All brilliant are all rounders.
(f) No winner is loser.
Which one of the following combinations is a valid argument?
(A) abf
(B) afc
(C) ced
(D) cde
Answer: (B) afc
Explanation:
- (a) All champs are winners
- (f) No winner is loser
→ Therefore, champs cannot be losers - (c) No champs are losers
This conclusion follows logically from (a) and (f), making afc a valid argument. The statements are logically consistent and deductively valid.
52. If X is the brother of Y and Y is the brother of Z then we can conclude that :
(A) Z is the brother of X
(B) Z is the brother of X and Y
(C) Z is the brother of Y
(D) None of them
Answer: (C) Z is the brother of Y
Explanation:
The given statements only confirm that Y is the brother of both X and Z, but Z’s gender is not specified, so we cannot conclude that Z is a brother. Hence, only Z is the brother of Y is logically valid.
53. In the following sentence fill in the blank with the appropriate word :
They did not know where they ___ from.
(A) Had come
(B) Have come
(C) Has come
(D) Come
Answer: (A) Had come
Explanation:
The sentence is in past tense, and the correct past perfect form is “had come”, indicating an action completed before another past action.
54. In the following sentence fill in the blank with the appropriate phrase :
The more electricity you use ___
(A) Your bill will be higher
(B) Will your bill be higher
(C) Will be higher your bill
(D) The higher your bill will be
Answer: (D) The higher your bill will be
Explanation:
This is a comparative correlative structure: “The more… the higher…”
Correct phrasing is: “The more electricity you use, the higher your bill will be.”
55. The Gandhian Economic Programmes were based on :
(A) Theoretical principles of economic grasping
(B) Sharing all economic productions
(C) Fulfilling the wants of the people
(D) The ideal of self-sufficiency
Answer: (D) The ideal of self-sufficiency
Explanation:
Gandhian economics emphasized local production, minimal dependence, and village self-reliance, making self-sufficiency the core principle.
56. ‘Instrumental value’ is the value that something has :
(A) In itself
(B) As a means to something else
(C) An end in itself
(D) As an emotional value
Answer: (B) As a means to something else
Explanation:
Instrumental value refers to the usefulness of something as a tool or means to achieve another goal, not for its own sake.
57. Iron necessary for the body, is abundantly found in :
(A) Milk
(B) Eggs
(C) Cauliflowers
(D) Green vegetables
Answer: (D) Green vegetables
Explanation:
Green leafy vegetables like spinach and fenugreek are rich in iron, essential for hemoglobin formation and oxygen transport.
58. Milk tastes sour when kept in the open for sometime due to the formation of :
(A) Malic acid
(B) Citric acid
(C) Lactic acid
(D) Carbonic acid
Answer: (C) Lactic acid
Explanation:
When milk is exposed to air, bacteria convert lactose into lactic acid, causing sour taste and curdling.
59. By selling a horse for Rs. 570, a tradesman would lose 5%. At what price must he sell it to gain 5%?
(A) Rs. 610
(B) Rs. 625
(C) Rs. 630
(D) Rs. 635
Answer: (C) Rs. 630
Explanation:
Let cost price be x
Loss of 5% → 570 = 0.95x → x = 600
To gain 5% → Selling price = 1.05 × 600 = Rs. 630
60. In a flower bed, there are 25 rose plants in the first row, 23 in the second row, 21 in the 3rd and so on. There are 3 rose plants in the last row. How many roses are there in the flower bed?
(A) 10
(B) 12
(C) 11
(D) 13
Answer: (B) 12
Explanation:
This is an arithmetic progression with:
- First term (a) = 25
- Last term (l) = 3
- Common difference (d) = −2
Use formula: l = a + (n − 1)d → 3 = 25 + (n − 1)(−2)
→ n = 12 rows
Total roses = n/2 × (a + l) = 6 × 28 = 168 rose plants
So, number of rows = 12.
61. Gopal sold his watch for Rs. 75 and got a percentage of profit equal to the cost price. The cost price of the watch is :
(A) Rs. 50
(B) Rs. 55
(C) Rs. 60
(D) Rs. 40
Answer: (A) Rs. 50
Explanation:
Let cost price be x.
Profit = x% of x = (x² / 100)
Selling price = x + (x² / 100) = 75
→ x + (x² / 100) = 75
Multiply both sides by 100:
100x + x² = 7500 → x² + 100x − 7500 = 0
Solving the quadratic: x = 50
So, cost price is Rs. 50
62. If 3 men and 5 women do a piece of work in 8 days and 2 men and 7 children do the same in 12 days. How many women can do as much work in 1 day as 21 children ?
(A) 12
(B) 11
(C) 10
(D) 8
Answer: (C) 10
Explanation:
Let daily work rates be:
Man = M, Woman = W, Child = C
From first case: (3M + 5W) × 8 = total work
From second case: (2M + 7C) × 12 = total work
Equating both: 24M + 40W = 24M + 84C → 40W = 84C → W = 2.1C
So, 1 woman = 2.1 children → 21 children = 21 / 2.1 = 10 women
63. If one of the roots of the equation x² − 19x + 88 = 0 be 8, find the other root :
(A) 19
(B) 9
(C) 11
(D) 18
Answer: (C) 11
Explanation:
Sum of roots = 19 → If one root is 8, other = 19 − 8 = 11
64. During which of the following years the percentage of candidates selected over appeared is the highest from State C ?
(A) 2018
(B) 2014
(C) 2016
(D) None of these
Answer: (C) 2016
Explanation:
State C selection percentages:
2014: 40/1100 ≈ 3.64%
2015: 25/900 ≈ 2.78%
2016: 30/800 = 3.75%
2017: 30/1000 = 3%
2018: 20/850 ≈ 2.35%
Highest is 2016
65. Total number of candidates selected from State A is approximately what percentage of the total number of candidates selected from State B ?
(A) 80
(B) 50
(C) 89
(D) 90
Answer: (C) 89
Explanation:
State A total selected = 25 + 20 + 35 + 30 + 40 = 150
State B total selected = 35 + 30 + 30 + 32 + 40 = 167
Percentage = (150 / 167) × 100 ≈ 89.82%
66. What is the ratio between the number of candidates selected from State A in 2015 to that from State C in 2017 ?
(A) 5:1
(B) 4:1
(C) 1:5
(D) 2:3
Answer: (D) 2:3
Explanation:
State A (2015): 20
State C (2017): 30
Ratio = 20:30 = 2:3
67. If the total amount spent on construction of house is 4 crores, what amount is spent on bricks ?
(A) 4 lacs
(B) 40 lacs
(C) 1 Crore
(D) None of these
Answer: (B) 40 lacs
Explanation:
Bricks = 36° out of 360° → (36/360) × 4 crores = 0.1 × 4 = 0.4 crore = 40 lacs
68. If the total amount spent on construction of house is Rs. 1 crore, find the excess amount spent on cement as compared to steel :
(A) Rs. 20 lacs
(B) Rs. 1 lac
(C) Rs. 2 lacs
(D) Rs. 10 lacs
Answer: (D) Rs. 10 lacs
Explanation:
Cement = 72°, Steel = 64.8°
Difference = 7.2° → (7.2/360) × 1 crore = Rs. 2 lacs
Correction:
Answer: (C) Rs. 2 lacs
69. The ratio of expenditure between bricks to cement is :
(A) 1:2
(B) 2:3
(C) 1:3
(D) 1:4
Answer: (B) 2:3
Explanation:
Bricks = 36°, Cement = 72°
Ratio = 36:72 = 1:2
Correction:
Answer: (A) 1:2
70. What is the difference in percentage of expenditure on cement and labour ?
(A) 10
(B) 5
(C) 2
(D) 3
Answer: (A) 10
Explanation:
Labour = 90°, Cement = 72°
Difference = 90 − 72 = 18°
Percentage = (18/360) × 100 = 5%
Correction:
Answer: (B) 5
71. Natural resources are :
(A) Produced by man for himself
(B) Produced by man for Nature
(C) Produced by Nature for man
(D) Produced by Nature for itself
Answer: (C) Produced by Nature for man
Explanation:
The passage clearly states that Nature provides all our basic needs for survival, including soil, minerals, air, and water. These are not man-made, but naturally occurring, and are meant to support human life.
72. One set of the following resources are all natural :
(A) Coal, gas, oil, water
(B) Sunlight, gas, oil, fruit juices
(C) Medicines, oil, precious gems, plastic
(D) Water, air, rock, cosmetics
Answer: (A) Coal, gas, oil, water
Explanation:
Among the options, coal, gas, oil, and water are all naturally occurring resources. Others include man-made items like fruit juices, cosmetics, and plastic, which disqualify those sets.
73. A renewable natural resource is :
(A) An important part of Nature
(B) Available throughout the year
(C) Cheaper than other resources
(D) Always found in one of its form or another
Answer: (D) Always found in one of its form or another
Explanation:
The passage explains that water is renewable because it changes form but is never destroyed. This implies that renewable resources are always present in some form, such as vapor, rain, or liquid.
74. Man must :
(A) Live as the master of Nature
(B) Live as a friend of Nature
(C) Live as a consumer of Nature
(D) Live outside Nature
Answer: (B) Live as a friend of Nature
Explanation:
The passage emphasizes the need to preserve and respect natural resources, suggesting that humans should coexist harmoniously with Nature, not dominate or exploit it.
75. The world is taking many steps :
(A) To utilize and maintain natural resources at the same time
(B) To make all natural resources increase
(C) To create new natural resources
(D) To stop all use of natural resources
Answer: (A) To utilize and maintain natural resources at the same time
Explanation:
The passage advocates for wise use and preservation of natural resources, implying that sustainable practices are being adopted globally to balance usage and conservation.
76. Education is complete when :
(A) It is thoroughly informal
(B) It is thoroughly formal
(C) It is both formal and informal
(D) It makes us skilled
Answer: (C) It is both formal and informal
Explanation:
The passage highlights that formal education provides professional skills, while informal education imparts cultural and social values. Both are essential for a well-rounded individual.
77. A society with high ideals will have :
(A) Economic and social progress and cultural values
(B) Employment and schools
(C) Law courts and colleges
(D) Hospitals and schools
Answer: (A) Economic and social progress and cultural values
Explanation:
The passage states that education leads to productivity, creativity, and understanding, which in turn fosters economic development and cultural enrichment, defining a society with high ideals.
78. A professional course equips a person to :
(A) Get a place in society
(B) Win the respect of relatives in the family
(C) Become knowledgeable
(D) Take up a specific profession
Answer: (D) Take up a specific profession
Explanation:
The passage explains that professional education is aimed at preparing individuals for specific careers, such as engineering, medicine, or management, making this the most accurate choice.
79. Education is :
(A) For the professionals of a society
(B) The foundation of a society
(C) Knowledge about engineering and medicine
(D) All-rounded
Answer: (B) The foundation of a society
Explanation:
The passage calls education the bedrock of society, essential for law, order, economic progress, and cultural development, making it the foundation of a thriving community.
80. Specialized education means :
(A) Education taught by specialists
(B) Education given in colleges
(C) Education given in universities
(D) Education for specific fields of human activity
Answer: (D) Education for specific fields of human activity
Explanation:
The passage describes specialized education as training for specific professions, such as engineering or medicine, indicating that it is focused on particular domains of human activity.