Group-A (Attempt 10 out of 12 | 15 marks each | Word limit: 250)
- Describe the benefits of deriving electric energy from sunlight in contrast to the conventional energy. What are the initiatives offered by our Government for this purpose?
- Discuss about India’s space sector achievements in the year 2023 and 2024. What are the achievements of ISRO in 2023?
- Why is Government budgeting considered a critical tool for economic development in India? How does the budgeting process in Odisha align with or differ from the national framework?
- “Good roads are key to economic progress.” Elucidate with reference to Odisha State Road Policy, 2025 and proposed Odisha State Highway Authority.
- What were the objectives of land reforms in India and how successful have these policies been in addressing land inequality? How do outcomes in Odisha compare to the national scenario?
- How does supply chain management affect the efficiency of food processing industries in India? What steps can be taken to address bottlenecks in Odisha’s supply chain?
- Examine the diverse conservation strategies adopted for the protection of endangered species in India. Assess the efficacy of protected areas, captive breeding programs and community-led conservation initiatives in ensuring long-term biodiversity preservation.
- Identify the key anthropogenic factors contributing to environmental pollution in Indian cities. Propose sustainable urban planning strategies and policy interventions that can effectively mitigate pollution levels while balancing economic growth and ecological integrity.
- Evaluate the significance of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in shaping developmental policies in Odisha. How does the integration of scientific research and local community perspectives enhance environmental governance? Critically assess the effectiveness and limitations of the current EIA framework in the State.
- Analyze the multifaceted role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in biodiversity conservation and environmental protection. How do these entities complement governmental frameworks and what structural, financial and operational challenges hinder their effectiveness?
- Critically examine the Government of Odisha’s surrender and rehabilitation policy aimed at combating Left Wing Extremism in the State.
- Discuss the role, function and structure of National Investigation Agency. How has it assumed importance in present day?
Group-B (Attempt all 5 | 20 marks each | Word limit: 300)
- There are lots of discussions on ‘cyber slavery’ and ‘scam compound’. Discuss its context, causes, modus operandi and geographical prevalence. Describe the steps taken by the Government of India to counter the challenges posed in this regard.
- The world is facing an acute shortage of clean and safe freshwater. What are the alternative technologies which can solve this crisis? Briefly discuss any three such technologies citing their key merits and demerits.
- How did changes in industrial policy post-liberalization affect India’s global competitiveness? What are the key opportunities for industrialization in Odisha, given its resource base? How can the State overcome challenges like environmental concerns and skill shortages?
- How do cropping patterns in India vary across regions and what role does irrigation play in enhancing productivity? What are the major constraints in irrigation development in Odisha?
- Examine India’s disaster management framework with a specific focus on Odisha’s approach to disaster preparedness, mitigation and response. Evaluate the role of State institutions, policy interventions and community-driven initiatives in disaster risk reduction and suggest strategic measures to strengthen resilience and interagency coordination.