Q. Outline the significance of Bhitarkanika National Park.
Ans: Bhitarkanika National Park, located in Kendrapara district of Odisha, is one of India’s most ecologically rich and culturally significant protected areas. Spread over 145 sq. km, it forms the core of the Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary, which spans 672 sq. km, and is recognized as India’s second-largest mangrove ecosystem after the Sundarbans.
Ecological Significance
- Mangrove Biodiversity: Home to over 60 mangrove species, it plays a vital role in coastal protection, carbon sequestration, and fish breeding.
- Saltwater Crocodiles: Hosts one of the largest populations of endangered saltwater crocodiles, including rare individuals exceeding 6 meters in length.
- Avifauna: Supports over 320 bird species, including eight varieties of kingfishers, migratory birds from Central Asia, and nesting colonies like Bagagahana heronry.
- Wetland Importance: Designated as a Ramsar Site in 2002, highlighting its global significance as a wetland ecosystem.
Geographical and Hydrological Importance
- Located at the delta of Brahmani and Baitarani rivers, with a network of creeks, estuaries, and mudflats.
- Acts as a natural buffer against cyclones and tidal surges, protecting inland communities.
Cultural and Conservation Value
- Former royal hunting grounds, now a model for community-based eco-tourism.
- Site of successful crocodile conservation programs initiated in 1975.
- Supports livelihoods through sustainable tourism, research, and biodiversity protection.
In conclusion, Bhitarkanika National Park is a critical ecological asset, blending biodiversity conservation, climate resilience, and cultural heritage, making it indispensable for sustainable development in coastal Odisha.
Read: OPSC Notes