1. Which of the following statements is/are correct?
- A Bill pending in the Lok Sabha lapses on its prorogation.
- A Bill pending in the Rajya Sabha, which has not been passed by the Lok Sabha, shall not lapse on dissolution of the Lok Sabha.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
A Bill pending in the Lok Sabha does not lapse merely due to prorogation; it lapses only upon dissolution of the Lok Sabha. However, a Bill pending in the Rajya Sabha that has not been passed by the Lok Sabha does not lapse even if the Lok Sabha is dissolved. This ensures continuity of legislative business in the Upper House despite political transitions in the Lower House.
2. Which of the following is/are the indicator/indicators used by IFPRI to compute the Global Hunger Index Report?
- Undernourishment
- Child stunting
- Child mortality
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1, 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3 only
Answer: (c) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
The Global Hunger Index uses three key indicators:
- Undernourishment, which reflects insufficient caloric intake.
- Child stunting, indicating chronic malnutrition.
- Child mortality, capturing the fatal impact of hunger and poor nutrition.
Together, these indicators provide a composite measure of hunger and nutritional status across populations.
3. There has been a persistent deficit budget year after year. Which action/actions of the following can be taken by the Government to reduce the deficit?
- Reducing revenue expenditure
- Introducing new welfare schemes
- Rationalizing subsidies
- Reducing import duty
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
To reduce a persistent budget deficit, the government must focus on cutting non-essential revenue expenditure and rationalizing subsidies to ensure efficient allocation of resources. Introducing new welfare schemes or reducing import duties may increase expenditure or reduce revenue, thereby worsening the deficit.
4. The establishment of ‘Payment Banks’ is being allowed in India to promote financial inclusion. Which of the following statements is/are correct in this context?
- Mobile telephone companies and supermarket chains that are owned and controlled by residents are eligible to be promoters of Payment Banks.
- Payment Banks can issue both credit cards and debit cards.
- Payment Banks cannot undertake lending activities.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 1 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
Payment Banks are designed to enhance financial inclusion by allowing entities like mobile companies and supermarket chains to promote banking services. They can issue debit cards, but not credit cards, and are prohibited from lending, focusing instead on deposit and remittance services.
5. With reference to ‘LiFi’, recently in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- It uses light as the medium for high-speed data transmission.
- It is a wireless technology that is several times faster than WiFi.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
LiFi (Light Fidelity) is a wireless communication technology that uses visible light to transmit data. It offers significantly higher speeds than traditional WiFi, making it a promising innovation for secure and high-speed data transfer in localized environments.
6. The term ‘Intended Nationally Determined Contributions’ is sometimes seen in the news in the context of
(a) pledges made by the European countries to rehabilitate refugees from the war-affected Middle East
(b) plan of action outlined by the countries of the world to combat climate change
(c) capital contributed by the member countries in the establishment of Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank
(d) plan of action outlined by the countries of the world regarding Sustainable Development Goals
Answer: (b) plan of action outlined by the countries of the world to combat climate change
Explanation:
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) refer to the climate action plans submitted by countries under the Paris Agreement. These plans outline targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, reflecting each country’s commitment to combating climate change.
7. Which one of the following is a purpose of ‘UDAY’, a scheme of the Government?
(a) Providing technical and financial assistance to start-up entrepreneurs in the field of renewable sources of energy
(b) Providing electricity to every household in the country by 2018
(c) Replacing the coal-based power plants with natural gas, nuclear, solar, wind and tidal power plants over a period of time
(d) Providing for financial turnaround and revival of power distribution companies
Answer: (d) Providing for financial turnaround and revival of power distribution companies
Explanation:
UDAY (Ujwal DISCOM Assurance Yojana) is aimed at reviving financially stressed power distribution companies (DISCOMs). It enables debt restructuring, improves operational efficiency, and ensures affordable power supply, thereby strengthening the power sector ecosystem.
8. With reference to ‘IFC Masala Bonds’, sometimes seen in the news, which of the statements given below is/are correct?
- The International Finance Corporation, which offers these bonds, is an arm of the World Bank.
- They are the rupee-denominated bonds and are a source of debt financing for the public and private sector.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
Masala Bonds are rupee-denominated bonds issued outside India, allowing foreign investors to invest in Indian assets without currency risk. The International Finance Corporation (IFC), a World Bank arm, introduced them to mobilize capital for Indian infrastructure and development projects.
9. Regarding the taxation system of Krishna Deva, the ruler of Vijayanagar, consider the following statements:
- The tax rate on land was fixed depending on the quality of the land.
- Private owners of workshops paid an industries tax.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
Under Krishna Deva Raya’s rule, the land tax was assessed based on soil fertility, ensuring equitable revenue collection. Additionally, private workshop owners contributed through an industries tax, reflecting a structured and diversified taxation system in the Vijayanagar Empire.
10. Which one of the following books of ancient India has the love story of the son of the founder of Sunga dynasty?
(a) Swapnavasavadatta
(b) Malavikagnimitra
(c) Meghadoota
(d) Ratnavali
Answer: (b) Malavikagnimitra
Explanation:
Malavikagnimitra, written by Kalidasa, narrates the romantic tale of King Agnimitra, son of Pushyamitra Sunga, the founder of the Sunga dynasty. The play blends historical context with dramatic storytelling, showcasing courtly romance and dynastic legacy.
11. In the context of which of the following do you sometimes find the terms ‘amber box’, ‘blue box’ and ‘green box’ in the news?
(a) WTO affairs
(b) SAARC affairs
(c) UNFCCC affairs
(d) India-EU negotiations on FTA
Answer: (a) WTO affairs
Explanation:
The terms amber box, blue box, and green box are classifications under the World Trade Organization (WTO) related to agricultural subsidies. These boxes indicate the level of trade distortion caused by subsidies, with green box being least distortive and amber box most. They help regulate fair trade practices among member nations.
12. Which of the following is/are included in the capital budget of the Government of India?
- Expenditure on acquisition of assets like roads, buildings, machinery, etc.
- Loans received from foreign governments
- Loans and advances granted to the States and Union Territories
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
The capital budget includes expenditure on asset creation, loans received from abroad, and loans and advances to states/UTs. These are non-recurring expenditures that impact the long-term financial position of the government.
13. What is/are the importance/importances of the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification?
- It aims to promote effective action through innovative national programmes and supportive international partnerships.
- It has a special/particular focus on South Asia and North Africa regions, and its Secretariat facilitates the allocation of major portion of financial resources to these regions.
- It is committed to bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating the desertification.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
The UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) promotes innovative national programs and emphasizes local participation through a bottom-up approach. While it supports affected regions globally, it does not prioritize specific regions like South Asia or North Africa exclusively.
14. Recently, which one of the following currencies has been proposed to be added to the basket of IMF’s SDR?
(a) Rouble
(b) Rand
(c) Indian Rupee
(d) Renminbi
Answer: (d) Renminbi
Explanation:
The Renminbi (Chinese Yuan) was proposed and later added to the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights (SDR) basket, recognizing China’s growing role in the global financial system and the internationalization of its currency.
15. With reference to the International Monetary and Financial Committee (IMFC), consider the following statements:
- IMFC discusses matters of concern affecting the global economy, and advises the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on the direction of its work.
- The World Bank participates as observer in IMFC’s meetings.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
The IMFC is a key advisory body of the IMF, addressing global economic issues and guiding IMF’s strategic direction. The World Bank attends its meetings as an observer, ensuring coordination between global financial institutions.
16. ‘Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan’ is a national campaign to
(a) rehabilitate the homeless and destitute persons and provide them with suitable sources of livelihood
(b) release the sex workers from their practice and provide them with alternative sources of livelihood
(c) eradicate the practice of manual scavenging and rehabilitate the manual scavengers
(d) release the bonded labourers from their bondage and rehabilitate them
Answer: (c) eradicate the practice of manual scavenging and rehabilitate the manual scavengers
Explanation:
Rashtriya Garima Abhiyaan is a grassroots campaign aimed at ending manual scavenging in India. It focuses on rehabilitation, dignity, and livelihood support for affected individuals, promoting social justice and human rights.
17. With reference to the cultural history of medieval India, consider the following statements:
- Siddhas (Sittars) of Tamil region were monotheistic and condemned idolatry.
- Lingayats of Kannada region questioned the theory of rebirth and rejected the caste hierarchy.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Siddhas were monotheistic mystics who rejected idol worship and emphasized spiritual discipline. The Lingayats, led by Basavanna, challenged caste hierarchy and rebirth theory, advocating social equality and direct devotion to Shiva.
18. Which of the following best describes the term ‘import cover’, sometimes seen in the news?
(a) It is the ratio of value of imports to the Gross Domestic Product of a country
(b) It is the total value of imports of a country in a year
(c) It is the ratio between the value of exports and that of imports between two countries
(d) It is the number of months of imports that could be paid for by a country’s international reserves
Answer: (d) It is the number of months of imports that could be paid for by a country’s international reserves
Explanation:
Import cover measures a country’s external stability, indicating how many months of imports can be financed using its foreign exchange reserves. A higher import cover reflects strong reserve adequacy.
19. Consider the following pairs:
Community — Country
- Kurd — Bangladesh
- Madhesi — Nepal
- Rohingya — Myanmar
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 3 only
Answer: (c) 2 and 3
Explanation:
The Madhesi community resides in Nepal’s Terai region, while the Rohingya are a persecuted minority in Myanmar. The Kurds are primarily found in Middle Eastern countries like Iraq, Syria, and Turkey—not Bangladesh.
20. With reference to ‘Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)’, consider the following statements:
- It is an organization of European Union in working relation with NATO and WHO.
- It monitors chemical industry to prevent new weapons from emerging.
- It provides assistance and protection to States (Parties) against chemical weapons threats.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
The OPCW is an independent international organization, not affiliated with the EU or NATO. It ensures compliance with the Chemical Weapons Convention, monitors chemical industries, and assists member states against chemical threats.
21. With reference to ‘Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana’, consider the following statements:
- Under this scheme, farmers will have to pay a uniform premium of two percent for any crop they cultivate in any season of the year.
- This scheme covers post-harvest losses arising out of cyclones and unseasonal rains.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
Under Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana, the premium rates vary depending on the crop and season, not a uniform 2%. However, the scheme does cover post-harvest losses due to cyclones and unseasonal rains, offering financial protection to farmers against climatic risks.
22. In which of the following regions of India are you most likely to come across the ‘Great Indian Hornbill’ in its natural habitat?
(a) Sand deserts of northwest India
(b) Higher Himalayas of Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Salt marshes of western Gujarat
(d) Western Ghats
Answer: (d) Western Ghats
Explanation:
The Great Indian Hornbill is native to evergreen and moist deciduous forests, especially in the Western Ghats and parts of Northeast India. It is known for its large casque and plays a vital role in seed dispersal, contributing to forest ecology.
23. Which of the following are the key features of ‘National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA)’?
- River basin is the unit of planning and management.
- It spearheads the river conservation efforts at the national level.
- One of the Chief Ministers of the States through which the Ganga flows becomes the Chairman of NGRBA on rotation basis.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The NGRBA adopts a river basin approach for planning and management, and leads national-level conservation efforts for the Ganga River. However, the Chairperson is the Prime Minister, not a rotating Chief Minister, making statement 3 incorrect.
24. Why does the Government of India promote the use of ‘Neem-coated Urea’ in agriculture?
(a) Release of Neem oil in the soil increases nitrogen fixation by the soil microorganisms
(b) Neem coating slows down the rate of dissolution of urea in the soil
(c) Nitrous oxide, which is greenhouse gas, is not at all released into atmosphere by crop fields
(d) It is a combination of a weedicide and a fertilizer for particular crops
Answer: (b) Neem coating slows down the rate of dissolution of urea in the soil
Explanation:
Neem-coated urea reduces nitrogen loss by slowing its dissolution rate, improving nutrient efficiency and curbing excessive usage. It also helps prevent diversion of urea for non-agricultural purposes, promoting sustainable farming.
25. Consider the following statements:
- The Chief Secretary in a State is appointed by the Governor of that State.
- The Chief Secretary in a State has a fixed tenure.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation:
The Chief Secretary is appointed by the State Government, not the Governor, and there is no fixed tenure. The post is governed by executive discretion, typically held by the senior-most IAS officer in the state.
26. With reference to ‘Stand Up India Scheme’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- Its purpose is to promote entrepreneurship among SC/ST and women entrepreneurs.
- It provides for refinance through SIDBI.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
The Stand Up India Scheme aims to empower SC/ST and women entrepreneurs by providing bank loans for greenfield enterprises. It includes refinance support through SIDBI, facilitating inclusive economic growth.
27. The FAO accords the status of ‘Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS)’ to traditional agricultural systems. What is the overall goal of this initiative?
- To provide modern technology, training in modern farming methods and financial support to local communities of identified GIAHS so as to greatly enhance their agricultural productivity
- To identify and safeguard eco-friendly traditional farm practices and their associated landscapes, agricultural biodiversity and knowledge systems of the local communities
- To provide Geographical Indication status to all the varieties of agricultural produce in such identified GIAHS
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
The GIAHS initiative by FAO focuses on preserving traditional agricultural systems, including biodiversity, landscapes, and local knowledge. It does not aim to provide GI status or modernize productivity, but rather to safeguard heritage.
28. Which of the following is/are tributary/tributaries of Brahmaputra?
- Dibang
- Kameng
- Lohit
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Dibang, Kameng, and Lohit are all tributaries of the Brahmaputra River, originating in the Eastern Himalayas and contributing to the river’s volume and flow in Arunachal Pradesh and Assam.
29. The term ‘Core Banking Solutions’ is sometimes seen in the news. Which of the following statements best describes/describe this term?
- It is a networking of a bank’s branches which enables customers to operate their accounts from any branch of the bank on its network regardless of where they open their accounts.
- It is an effort to increase RBI’s control over commercial banks through computerization.
- It is a detailed procedure by which a bank with huge non-performing assets is taken over by another bank.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation:
Core Banking Solutions (CBS) allow customers to access banking services from any branch of the bank, thanks to centralized networking and real-time processing. It does not relate to RBI control or bank takeovers.
30. Consider the following pairs:
Terms sometimes seen in the news — Their origin
- Annex-I Countries — Cartagena Protocol
- Certified Emissions Reductions — Nagoya Protocol
- Clean Development Mechanism — Kyoto Protocol
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c) 3 only
Explanation:
The Clean Development Mechanism is part of the Kyoto Protocol, enabling emission reduction projects in developing countries. Annex-I Countries and Certified Emissions Reductions are also linked to Kyoto, not Cartagena or Nagoya Protocols, making only pair 3 correct.
31. In the context of the developments in Bioinformatics, the term ‘transcriptome’, sometimes seen in the news, refers to
(a) a range of enzymes used in genome editing
(b) the full range of mRNA molecules expressed by an organism
(c) the description of the mechanism of gene expression
(d) a mechanism of genetic mutations taking place in cells
Answer: (b) the full range of mRNA molecules expressed by an organism
Explanation:
The transcriptome represents the complete set of messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules produced by an organism. It reflects gene expression patterns, helping researchers understand cellular functions, developmental processes, and disease mechanisms.
32. ‘Mission Indradhanush’ launched by the Government of India pertains to
(a) immunization of children and pregnant women
(b) construction of smart cities across the country
(c) India’s own search for the Earth-like planets in outer space
(d) New Educational Policy
Answer: (a) immunization of children and pregnant women
Explanation:
Mission Indradhanush aims to increase immunization coverage among children and pregnant women, especially those left out of routine programs. It targets seven vaccine-preventable diseases, promoting public health and maternal care.
33. Which of the following best describes/describe the aim of ‘Green India Mission’ of the Government of India?
- Incorporating environmental benefits and costs into the Union and State Budgets thereby implementing the ‘green accounting’
- Launching the second green revolution to enhance agricultural output so as to ensure food security to one and all in the future
- Restoring and enhancing forest cover and responding to climate change by a combination of adaptation and mitigation measures
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c) 3 only
Explanation:
The Green India Mission focuses on restoring degraded forests, increasing tree cover, and responding to climate change through adaptation and mitigation. It does not involve green accounting or launching a second green revolution.
34. With reference to pre-packaged items in India, it is mandatory for the manufacturer to put which of the following information on the main label, as per the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging and Labelling) Regulations, 2011?
- List of ingredients including additives
- Nutrition information
- Recommendations, if any, made by the medical profession about the possibility of any allergic reactions
- Vegetarian/non-vegetarian
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 2, 3 and 4
(c) 1, 2 and 4
(d) 1 and 4 only
Answer: (c) 1, 2 and 4
Explanation:
Manufacturers must display the list of ingredients, nutritional information, and vegetarian/non-vegetarian symbol on packaged food labels. Medical recommendations are not mandatory, ensuring consumer awareness and safety.
35. ‘Project Loon’, sometimes seen in the news, is related to
(a) waste management technology
(b) wireless communication technology
(c) solar power production technology
(d) water conservation technology
Answer: (b) wireless communication technology
Explanation:
Project Loon, developed by Google, uses high-altitude balloons to deliver internet connectivity to remote areas. It is an innovative wireless communication solution, bridging the digital divide in underserved regions.
36. ‘Net metering’ is sometimes seen in the news in the context of promoting the
(a) production and use of solar energy by the households/consumers
(b) use of piped natural gas in the kitchens of households
(c) installation of CNG kits in motorcars
(d) installation of water meters in urban households
Answer: (a) production and use of solar energy by the households/consumers
Explanation:
Net metering allows households with solar panels to sell excess electricity back to the grid. It encourages renewable energy adoption, reduces electricity bills, and supports sustainable energy practices.
37. India’s ranking in the ‘Ease of Doing Business Index’ is sometimes seen in the news. Which of the following has declared that ranking?
(a) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
(b) World Economic Forum
(c) World Bank
(d) World Trade Organization (WTO)
Answer: (c) World Bank
Explanation:
The World Bank publishes the Ease of Doing Business Index, evaluating countries on parameters like starting a business, getting credit, and enforcing contracts. It helps assess regulatory efficiency and business climate.
38. Banjaras during the medieval period of Indian history were generally
(a) agriculturists
(b) warriors
(c) weavers
(d) traders
Answer: (d) traders
Explanation:
Banjaras were nomadic traders who transported goods and provisions across regions during medieval times. They played a crucial role in supply chains, especially for armies and markets, contributing to economic mobility.
39. Who of the following had first deciphered the edicts of Emperor Ashoka?
(a) Georg Bühler
(b) James Prinsep
(c) Max Müller
(d) William Jones
Answer: (b) James Prinsep
Explanation:
James Prinsep, a British scholar, was the first to decipher Ashokan edicts, unlocking insights into Mauryan administration, Buddhist philosophy, and ancient Indian script systems, especially Brahmi and Kharosthi.
40. With reference to the ‘Gram Nyayalaya Act’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- As per the Act, Gram Nyayalayas can hear only civil cases and not criminal cases.
- The Act allows local social activists as mediators/reconciliators.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
The Gram Nyayalaya Act enables local courts to hear both civil and criminal cases at the grassroots level. It also allows social activists to act as mediators, promoting accessible and participatory justice delivery.
41. With reference to the ‘Trans-Pacific Partnership’, consider the following statements:
- It is an agreement among all the Pacific Rim countries except China and Russia.
- It is a strategic alliance for the purpose of maritime security only.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation:
The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a trade agreement, not a maritime security alliance. It includes selected Pacific Rim countries, but not all, and excludes China and Russia. Its focus is on economic integration, trade liberalization, and intellectual property standards.
42. Consider the following statements: The India-Africa Summit
- Held in 2015 was the third such Summit
- Was actually initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1951
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation:
The third India-Africa Forum Summit was held in 2015, strengthening bilateral cooperation. It was not initiated by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1951; the summit series began in 2008, making statement 2 incorrect.
43. What is/are the purpose/purposes of the ‘Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate (MCLR)’ announced by RBI?
- These guidelines help improve the transparency in the methodology followed by banks for determining the interest rates on advances.
- These guidelines help ensure availability of bank credit at interest rates which are fair to the borrowers as well as the banks.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
MCLR was introduced by the RBI to enhance transparency in how banks set loan interest rates. It ensures that rates are linked to actual cost of funds, making credit fairer and more responsive to monetary policy changes.
44. What is/are unique about ‘Kharai camel’, a breed found in India?
- It is capable of swimming up to three kilometres in seawater.
- It survives by grazing on mangroves.
- It lives in the wild and cannot be domesticated.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The Kharai camel, found in Gujarat, is known for its ability to swim in seawater and graze on mangroves, adapting to coastal ecosystems. It is domesticated, used by local communities, making statement 3 incorrect.
45. Recently, our scientists have discovered a new and distinct species of banana plant which attains a height of about 11 metres and has orange-coloured fruit pulp. In which part of India has it been discovered?
(a) Andaman Islands
(b) Anaimalai Forests
(c) Maikala Hills
(d) Tropical rain forests of northeast
Answer: (a) Andaman Islands
Explanation:
A unique banana species with orange pulp and height of 11 metres was discovered in the Andaman Islands. This adds to the biodiversity richness of the region and holds potential for nutritional and agricultural research.
46. Which one of the following is the best description of ‘INS Astradharini’, that was in the news recently?
(a) Amphibious warfare ship
(b) Nuclear-powered submarine
(c) Torpedo launch and recovery vessel
(d) Nuclear-powered aircraft carrier
Answer: (c) Torpedo launch and recovery vessel
Explanation:
INS Astradharini is an indigenous torpedo launch and recovery vessel, used by the Indian Navy for testing underwater weapons. It enhances India’s defense research capabilities in naval warfare systems.
47. What is ‘Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10)’, recently in the news?
(a) Electric plane tested by NASA
(b) Solar-powered two-seater aircraft designed by Japan
(c) Space observatory launched by China
(d) Reusable rocket designed by ISRO
Answer: (a) Electric plane tested by NASA
Explanation:
Greased Lightning-10 (GL-10) is a hybrid-electric aircraft developed and tested by NASA. It features vertical takeoff and landing capabilities, showcasing innovations in aeronautics and clean energy propulsion.
48. With reference to ‘Initiative for Nutritional Security through Intensive Millets Promotion’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- This initiative aims to demonstrate the improved production and post-harvest technologies, and to demonstrate value addition techniques, in an integrated manner, with cluster approach.
- Poor, small, marginal and tribal farmers have larger stake in this scheme.
- An important objective of the scheme is to encourage farmers of commercial crops to shift to millet cultivation by offering them free kits of critical inputs of nutrients and microirrigation equipment.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c) 1 and 2 only
Explanation:
The initiative promotes millet cultivation through technology demonstration and cluster-based outreach, targeting small and tribal farmers. It does not offer free kits to shift from commercial crops, making statement 3 incorrect.
49. The ‘Swadeshi’ and ‘Boycott’ were adopted as methods of struggle for the first time during the
(a) Agitation against the Partition of Bengal
(b) Home Rule Movement
(c) Non-Cooperation Movement
(d) Visit of the Simon Commission to India
Answer: (a) Agitation against the Partition of Bengal
Explanation:
The Swadeshi and Boycott movements emerged during the 1905 Partition of Bengal, marking a shift toward economic nationalism and mass mobilization against colonial policies. It laid the foundation for future freedom struggles.
50. With reference to the religious history of India, consider the following statements:
- The concept of Bodhisattva is central to Hinayana sect of Buddhism.
- Bodhisattva is a compassionate one on his way to enlightenment.
- Bodhisattva delays achieving his own salvation to help all sentient beings on their path to it.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 2 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
The Bodhisattva ideal is central to Mahayana Buddhism, not Hinayana. A Bodhisattva is a compassionate being who postpones personal enlightenment to help others attain it, embodying selfless service and spiritual altruism.
51. ‘Doctors Without Borders (Medecins Sans Frontieres)’, often in the news, is
(a) a division of World Health Organization
(b) a non-governmental international organization
(c) an inter-governmental agency sponsored by European Union
(d) a specialized agency of the United Nations
Answer: (b) a non-governmental international organization
Explanation:
Doctors Without Borders (MSF) is an independent humanitarian NGO that provides medical aid in conflict zones, disaster areas, and epidemics. It is known for its neutrality, impartiality, and emergency response across the globe.
52. With reference to an initiative called ‘The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- It is an initiative hosted by UNEP, IMF and World Economic Forum.
- It is a global initiative that focuses on drawing attention to the economic benefits of biodiversity.
- It presents an approach that can help decision-makers recognize, demonstrate and capture the value of ecosystems and biodiversity.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
TEEB is a UNEP-hosted initiative that highlights the economic value of biodiversity and ecosystem services. It helps policymakers and stakeholders understand and integrate natural capital into decision-making. It is not hosted by IMF or WEF, making statement 1 incorrect.
53. With reference to ‘Red Sanders’, sometimes seen in the news, consider the following statements:
- It is a tree species found in a part of South India.
- It is one of the most important trees in the tropical rain forest areas of South India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation:
Red Sanders is a rare tree species endemic to Andhra Pradesh, especially in dry deciduous forests, not tropical rainforests. It is valued for its deep red wood, used in furniture and musical instruments, and is protected due to overexploitation.
54. Which of the following statements is/are correct? Proper design and effective implementation of UN-REDD+ Programme can significantly contribute to
- protection of biodiversity
- resilience of forest ecosystems
- poverty reduction
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
The UN-REDD+ Programme aims to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, while promoting biodiversity conservation, ecosystem resilience, and livelihood support. It integrates climate action with socio-economic development, especially for forest-dependent communities.
55. What is ‘Greenhouse Gas Protocol’?
(a) It is an international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage greenhouse gas emissions
(b) It is an initiative of the United Nations to offer financial incentives to developing countries to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to adopt eco-friendly technologies
(c) It is an inter-governmental agreement ratified by all the member countries of the United Nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to specified levels by the year 2022
(d) It is one of the multilateral REDD+ initiatives hosted by the World Bank
Answer: (a) It is an international accounting tool for government and business leaders to understand, quantify and manage greenhouse gas emissions
Explanation:
The Greenhouse Gas Protocol provides standardized frameworks for measuring and managing emissions. It is widely used by governments, companies, and institutions to ensure transparent and consistent reporting, aiding in climate strategy development.
56. With reference to ‘Financial Stability and Development Council’, consider the following statements:
- It is an organ of NITI Aayog.
- It is headed by the Union Finance Minister.
- It monitors macroprudential supervision of the economy.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
The Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) is a non-statutory body, headed by the Union Finance Minister, tasked with strengthening financial regulation, macroprudential oversight, and inter-agency coordination. It is not part of NITI Aayog, making statement 1 incorrect.
57. With reference to ‘Agenda 21’, sometimes seen in the news, consider the following statements:
- It is a global action plan for sustainable development.
- It originated in the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in Johannesburg in 2002.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation:
Agenda 21 is a comprehensive action plan for sustainable development, adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, not Johannesburg. It guides global, national, and local efforts toward environmental and social sustainability.
58. Satya Shodhak Samaj organized
(a) a movement for upliftment of tribals in Bihar
(b) a temple-entry movement in Gujarat
(c) an anti-caste movement in Maharashtra
(d) a peasant movement in Punjab
Answer: (c) an anti-caste movement in Maharashtra
Explanation:
Founded by Jyotirao Phule, the Satya Shodhak Samaj challenged caste discrimination and promoted social equality in Maharashtra. It worked for the upliftment of oppressed classes, education of women, and reform of Hindu society.
59. Which of the following statements is/are correct? Viruses can infect
- bacteria
- fungi
- plants
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Viruses are capable of infecting a wide range of organisms including bacteria (bacteriophages), fungi, and plants. They rely on host cells for replication and can cause diverse diseases across biological kingdoms.
60. The term ‘Base Erosion and Profit Shifting’ is sometimes seen in the news in the context of
(a) mining operation by multinational companies in resource-rich but backward areas
(b) curbing of the tax evasion by multinational companies
(c) exploitation of genetic resources of a country by multinational companies
(d) lack of consideration of environmental costs in the planning and implementation of developmental projects
Answer: (b) curbing of the tax evasion by multinational companies
Explanation:
Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) refers to strategies used by multinational corporations to shift profits to low-tax jurisdictions, eroding the tax base of higher-tax countries. The OECD and G20 have developed BEPS action plans to address this issue.
61. Recently, India’s first ‘National Investment and Manufacturing Zone’ was proposed to be set up in
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Gujarat
(c) Maharashtra
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: (a) Andhra Pradesh
Explanation:
India’s first National Investment and Manufacturing Zone (NIMZ) was proposed in Andhra Pradesh, aiming to boost industrial growth, attract foreign investment, and create employment opportunities through planned manufacturing hubs.
62. What is/are the purpose/purposes of ‘District Mineral Foundations’ in India?
- Promoting mineral exploration activities in mineral-rich districts
- Protecting the interests of the persons affected by mining operations
- Authorizing State Governments to issue licences for mineral exploration
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
District Mineral Foundations (DMFs) are established to protect the interests of people affected by mining, ensuring local development and welfare. They do not promote exploration or authorize licensing, which are handled by central and state agencies.
63. ‘SWAYAM’, an initiative of the Government of India, aims at
(a) promoting the Self Help Groups in rural areas
(b) providing financial and technical assistance to young start-up entrepreneurs
(c) promoting the education and health of adolescent girls
(d) providing affordable and quality education to the citizens for free
Answer: (d) providing affordable and quality education to the citizens for free
Explanation:
SWAYAM (Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds) is a digital platform offering free online courses from school to university level, promoting inclusive and accessible education across India.
64. The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals were related to
(a) social reforms
(b) educational reforms
(c) reforms in police administration
(d) constitutional reforms
Answer: (d) constitutional reforms
Explanation:
The Montague-Chelmsford Proposals led to the Government of India Act 1919, introducing diarchy and expanding legislative councils, marking a step toward constitutional development under British rule.
65. What is/are common to the two historical places known as Ajanta and Mahabalipuram?
- Both were built in the same period.
- Both belong to the same religious denomination.
- Both have rock-cut monuments.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) None of the statements given above is correct
Answer: (b) 3 only
Explanation:
Both Ajanta and Mahabalipuram feature rock-cut architecture, but they differ in period and religious affiliation—Ajanta is Buddhist (2nd century BCE to 6th century CE), while Mahabalipuram is Hindu (7th century CE).
66. With reference to ‘Bitcoins’, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- Bitcoins are tracked by the Central Banks of the countries.
- Anyone with a Bitcoin address can send and receive Bitcoins from anyone else with a Bitcoin address.
- Online payments can be sent without either side knowing the identity of the other.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
Bitcoin transactions are peer-to-peer, allowing users to send and receive funds anonymously using digital addresses. They are not tracked by central banks, making statement 1 incorrect.
67. Consider the following statements:
- New Development Bank has been set up by APEC.
- The headquarters of New Development Bank is in Shanghai.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
The New Development Bank (NDB) was established by BRICS nations, not APEC. Its headquarters is in Shanghai, focusing on infrastructure and sustainable development projects in member countries.
68. ‘Gadgil Committee Report’ and ‘Kasturirangan Committee Report’, sometimes seen in the news, are related to
(a) constitutional reforms
(b) Ganga Action Plan
(c) linking of rivers
(d) protection of Western Ghats
Answer: (d) protection of Western Ghats
Explanation:
Both committees were formed to assess ecological sensitivity and recommend conservation strategies for the Western Ghats, balancing environmental protection with developmental needs.
69. Consider the following:
- Calcutta Unitarian Committee
- Tabernacle of New Dispensation
- Indian Reform Association
Keshab Chandra Sen is associated with the establishment of which of the above?
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only
Explanation:
Keshab Chandra Sen, a prominent Brahmo Samaj reformer, founded the Tabernacle of New Dispensation and the Indian Reform Association, promoting social and religious reform. He was not associated with the Calcutta Unitarian Committee.
70. Which of the following is not a member of ‘Gulf Cooperation Council’?
(a) Iran
(b) Saudi Arabia
(c) Oman
(d) Kuwait
Answer: (a) Iran
Explanation:
The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) includes Saudi Arabia, Oman, Kuwait, UAE, Bahrain, and Qatar. Iran is not a member, due to political and ideological differences with GCC nations.
71. What is/are the purpose/purposes of Government’s ‘Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme’ and ‘Gold Monetization Scheme’?
- To bring the idle gold lying with Indian households into the economy
- To promote FDI in the gold and jewellery sector
- To reduce India’s dependence on gold imports
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
The Sovereign Gold Bond Scheme and Gold Monetization Scheme aim to mobilize idle gold held by households and reduce reliance on imports. They do not directly promote FDI, but rather encourage domestic financial instruments linked to gold.
72. ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ is sometimes mentioned in the news in the context of the affairs of
(a) African Union
(b) Brazil
(c) European Union
(d) China
Answer: (d) China
Explanation:
The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a global infrastructure and investment strategy launched by China to enhance connectivity and trade across Asia, Africa, and Europe through land and maritime routes.
73. Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana is aimed at
(a) bringing the small entrepreneurs into formal financial system
(b) providing loans to poor farmers for cultivating particular crops
(c) providing pensions to old and destitute persons
(d) funding the voluntary organizations involved in the promotion of skill development and employment generation
Answer: (a) bringing the small entrepreneurs into formal financial system
Explanation:
MUDRA Yojana provides micro-finance to small and informal entrepreneurs, integrating them into the formal banking system. It supports income generation, self-employment, and financial inclusion.
74. In which of the following regions of India are shale gas resources found?
- Cambay Basin
- Cauvery Basin
- Krishna-Godavari Basin
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
Shale gas reserves have been identified in Cambay, Cauvery, and Krishna-Godavari basins, offering potential for unconventional energy exploration and reducing dependence on imported fuels.
75. ‘Global Financial Stability Report’ is prepared by the
(a) European Central Bank
(b) International Monetary Fund
(c) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(d) Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
Answer: (b) International Monetary Fund
Explanation:
The IMF publishes the Global Financial Stability Report to assess risks and vulnerabilities in the global financial system, offering policy recommendations to ensure economic resilience.
76. Regarding ‘Atal Pension Yojana’, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- It is a minimum guaranteed pension scheme mainly targeted at unorganized sector workers.
- Only one member of a family can join the scheme.
- Same amount of pension is guaranteed for the spouse for life after subscriber’s death.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 1 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
Atal Pension Yojana provides a guaranteed pension to unorganized sector workers, and after the subscriber’s death, the spouse receives the same pension. There is no restriction on the number of family members joining.
77. The term ‘Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership’ often appears in the news in the context of the affairs of a group of countries known as
(a) G20
(b) ASEAN
(c) SCO
(d) SAARC
Answer: (b) ASEAN
Explanation:
RCEP is a proposed free trade agreement between ASEAN countries and their FTA partners, aiming to create the world’s largest trading bloc by harmonizing tariffs and trade rules.
78. On which of the following can you find the Bureau of Energy Efficiency Star Label?
- Ceiling fans
- Electric geysers
- Tubular fluorescent lamps
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 2 only
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3
Explanation:
The BEE Star Label indicates energy efficiency and is found on ceiling fans, electric geysers, and fluorescent lamps, helping consumers make informed choices and reduce energy consumption.
79. India is an important member of the ‘International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor’. If this experiment succeeds, what is the immediate advantage for India?
(a) It can use thorium in place of uranium for power generation
(b) It can attain a global role in satellite navigation
(c) It can drastically improve the efficiency of its fission reactors in power generation
(d) It can build fusion reactors for power generation
Answer: (d) It can build fusion reactors for power generation
Explanation:
Success in the ITER project would enable India to develop fusion reactors, offering a clean and virtually limitless energy source, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear fission.
80. In the context of the history of India, consider the following pairs:
Term — Description
- Eripatti — Land, revenue from which was set apart for the maintenance of the village tank
- Taniyurs — Villages donated to a single Brahmin or a group of Brahmins
- Ghatikas — Colleges generally attached to the temples
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
(a) 1 and 2
(b) 3 only
(c) 2 and 3
(d) 1 and 3
Answer: (d) 1 and 3
Explanation:
Eripatti refers to land allocated for village tank maintenance, and Ghatikas were educational institutions linked to temples. Taniyurs were administrative units, not necessarily Brahmin-donated villages, making pair 2 incorrect.
81. Consider the following statements:
- The International Solar Alliance was launched at the United Nations Climate Change Conference in 2015.
- The Alliance includes all the member countries of the United Nations.
Answer: (a) 1 only
Explanation:
The International Solar Alliance (ISA) was launched during the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference in Paris to promote solar energy among sun-rich countries. However, it does not include all UN member states—membership is voluntary and focused on countries between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.
82. ‘European Stability Mechanism’, sometimes seen in the news, is an
(a) agency created by EU to deal with the impact of millions of refugees arriving from Middle East
(b) agency of EU that provides financial assistance to eurozone countries
(c) agency of EU to deal with all the bilateral and multilateral agreements on trade
(d) agency of EU to deal with the conflicts arising among the member countries
Answer: (b) agency of EU that provides financial assistance to eurozone countries
Explanation:
The European Stability Mechanism (ESM) is a financial institution of the European Union that provides emergency funding to eurozone countries facing financial crises, ensuring economic stability within the region.
83. Which of the following is/are the advantage/advantages of practising drip irrigation?
- Reduction in weed
- Reduction in soil salinity
- Reduction in soil erosion
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
Drip irrigation delivers water directly to the root zone, minimizing weed growth and soil erosion. It does not reduce soil salinity; in fact, improper management may lead to salt accumulation, making statement 2 incorrect.
84. Regarding ‘DigiLocker’, sometimes seen in the news, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- It is a digital locker system offered by the Government under Digital India Programme.
- It allows you to access your e-documents irrespective of your physical location.
Answer: (c) Both 1 and 2
Explanation:
DigiLocker is a cloud-based platform under the Digital India initiative, enabling citizens to store and access official documents anytime, anywhere. It promotes paperless governance and secure digital access.
85. Recently, linking of which of the following rivers was undertaken?
(a) Cauvery and Tungabhadra
(b) Godavari and Krishna
(c) Mahanadi and Sone
(d) Narmada and Tapti
Answer: (b) Godavari and Krishna
Explanation:
The Godavari–Krishna river linking project was undertaken to transfer surplus water from the Godavari basin to the Krishna basin, addressing water scarcity and supporting irrigation and drinking water needs in Andhra Pradesh.
86. In the cities of our country, which among the following atmospheric gases are normally considered in calculating the value of Air Quality Index?
- Carbon dioxide
- Carbon monoxide
- Nitrogen dioxide
- Sulfur dioxide
- Methane
Answer: (b) 2, 3 and 4 only
Explanation:
The Air Quality Index (AQI) includes carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, PM2.5, and PM10. Carbon dioxide and methane are not included in AQI calculations as they are not primary urban air pollutants.
87. With reference to ‘Astrosat’, the astronomical observatory launched by India, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- Other than USA and Russia, India is the only country to have launched a similar observatory into space.
- Astrosat is a 2000 kg satellite placed in an orbit at 1650 km above the surface of the Earth.
Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2
Explanation:
Astrosat is India’s first multi-wavelength space observatory, but other countries like Japan and European nations have launched similar missions. It weighs around 1513 kg and orbits at approximately 650 km, not 1650 km.
88. With reference to the economic history of medieval India, the term ‘Araghatta’ refers to
(a) bonded labour
(b) land grants made to military officers
(c) waterwheel used in the irrigation of land
(d) wasteland converted to cultivated land
Answer: (c) waterwheel used in the irrigation of land
Explanation:
Araghatta was a mechanical device used in medieval India for lifting water, typically involving a wheel and bucket system, crucial for irrigation and agricultural productivity.
89. With reference to the cultural history of India, the memorizing of chronicles, dynastic histories and epic tales was the profession of who of the following?
(a) Shramana
(b) Parivraajaka
(c) Agrahaarika
(d) Maagadha
Answer: (d) Maagadha
Explanation:
Maagadhas were professional bards who memorized and recited historical narratives, dynastic lineages, and epic stories, preserving oral traditions and cultural memory in ancient India.
90. Recently, for the first time in our country, which of the following States has declared a particular butterfly as ‘State Butterfly’?
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Karnataka
(d) Maharashtra
Answer: (d) Maharashtra
Explanation:
Maharashtra became the first Indian state to declare the Blue Mormon butterfly as its State Butterfly, recognizing its ecological significance and promoting conservation awareness.
91. Consider the following statements:
- The Mangalyaan launched by ISRO is also called the Mars Orbiter Mission
- It made India the second country to have a spacecraft orbit the Mars after USA
- It made India the only country to be successful in making its spacecraft orbit the Mars in its very first attempt
Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only
Explanation:
Mangalyaan, also known as the Mars Orbiter Mission, was India’s first interplanetary mission. It made India the first country to succeed in its maiden attempt to reach Mars. However, Russia and the European Space Agency had also orbited Mars before India, making statement 2 incorrect.
92. What was the main reason for the split in the Indian National Congress at Surat in 1907?
(a) Introduction of communalism into Indian politics by Lord Minto
(b) Extremists’ lack of faith in the capacity of the moderates to negotiate with the British Government
(c) Foundation of Muslim League
(d) Aurobindo Ghosh’s inability to be elected as the President of the Indian National Congress
Answer: (b) Extremists’ lack of faith in the capacity of the moderates to negotiate with the British Government
Explanation:
The Surat Split occurred due to ideological differences between moderates and extremists. Extremists, led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, believed in direct action, while moderates preferred constitutional methods. This led to a division within the Congress.
93. The plan of Sir Stafford Cripps envisaged that after the Second World War
(a) India should be granted complete independence
(b) India should be partitioned into two before granting independence
(c) India should be made a republic with the condition that she will join the Commonwealth
(d) India should be given Dominion status
Answer: (d) India should be given Dominion status
Explanation:
The Cripps Mission (1942) proposed granting Dominion status to India after WWII, allowing provinces to opt out and form separate entities. It was rejected by Indian leaders, especially the Congress, due to its vague promises.
94. Consider the following pairs:
Famous place — Region
- Bodhgaya — Baghelkhand
- Khajuraho — Bundelkhand
- Shirdi — Vidarbha
- Nasik (Nashik) — Malwa
- Tirupati — Rayalaseema
Which of the pairs given above are correctly matched?
(a) 1, 2 and 4
(b) 2, 3, 4 and 5
(c) 2 and 5 only
(d) 1, 3, 4 and 5
Answer: (c) 2 and 5 only
Explanation:
Khajuraho is correctly located in Bundelkhand, and Tirupati in Rayalaseema. Bodhgaya is in Magadh, Shirdi in Ahmednagar (not Vidarbha), and Nashik in Maharashtra (not Malwa), making only pairs 2 and 5 correct.
95. The Parliament of India acquires the power to legislate on any item in the State List in the national interest if a resolution to that effect is passed by the
(a) Lok Sabha by a simple majority of its total membership
(b) Lok Sabha by a majority of not less than two-thirds of its total membership
(c) Rajya Sabha by a simple majority of its total membership
(d) Rajya Sabha by a majority of not less than two-thirds of its members present and voting
Answer: (d) Rajya Sabha by a majority of not less than two-thirds of its members present and voting
Explanation:
Under Article 249 of the Constitution, if the Rajya Sabha passes a resolution with a two-thirds majority, Parliament can legislate on State List subjects in the national interest, valid for one year.
96. Recently, which of the following States has explored the possibility of constructing an artificial inland port to be connected to sea by a long navigational channel?
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(b) Chhattisgarh
(c) Karnataka
(d) Rajasthan
Answer: (d) Rajasthan
Explanation:
Rajasthan, a landlocked state, proposed an inland port connected to the sea via a navigational channel, aiming to boost trade and logistics despite its geographical constraints.
97. With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct?
- The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN and it will go into effect in 2017.
- The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed 2°C or even 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.
- Developed countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate $1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with climate change.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
(a) 1 and 3 only
(b) 2 only
(c) 2 and 3 only
(d) 1, 2 and 3
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
The Paris Agreement aims to limit global temperature rise to below 2°C, ideally 1.5°C. It came into effect in 2016, not 2017. The financial commitment was $100 billion, not $1000 billion, making statements 1 and 3 incorrect.
98. Consider the following statements:
- The Sustainable Development Goals were first proposed in 1972 by a global think tank called the ‘Club of Rome’.
- The Sustainable Development Goals have to be achieved by 2030.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were adopted by the UN in 2015, with a target to achieve them by 2030. They were not proposed by the Club of Rome in 1972, making statement 1 incorrect.
99. A recent movie titled “The Man Who Knew Infinity” is based on the biography of
(a) S. Ramanujan
(b) S. Chandrasekhar
(c) S. N. Bose
(d) C. V. Raman
Answer: (a) S. Ramanujan
Explanation:
The film “The Man Who Knew Infinity” portrays the life of Srinivasa Ramanujan, a self-taught mathematical genius from India, and his collaboration with G.H. Hardy at Cambridge University.
100. Consider the following statements:
- The minimum age prescribed for any person to be a member of Panchayat is 25 years.
- A Panchayat reconstituted after premature dissolution continues only for the remainder period.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
Answer: (b) 2 only
Explanation:
The minimum age to be a Panchayat member is 21 years, not 25. If a Panchayat is reconstituted after premature dissolution, it serves only the remaining term, making statement 2 correct and statement 1 incorrect.