Q1. The most controversial provision in the 42nd Constitution Amendment is
(a) Supremacy of Parliament
(b) Enumeration of ten Fundamental Duties
(c) Term of Lok Sabha and Legislative Assemblies
(d) Primacy to the Directive Principles over the Fundamental Rights
(UPSC Prelims 1979)
Answer: (d) Primacy to the Directive Principles over the Fundamental Rights
Explanation: The 42nd Amendment gave Directive Principles precedence over Fundamental Rights, sparking constitutional debates. Critics argued it undermined individual liberties, making it one of the most controversial changes.
Q2. By which Amendment to the Constitution, the Fundamental Duties of the citizens were specified ?
(a) 38th
(b) 40th
(c) 42nd
(d) 44th
(UPSC Prelims 1981)
Answer: (c) 42nd
Explanation: The 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 introduced Fundamental Duties under Article 51A of the Constitution. It was part of a broader effort to promote civic responsibility and national integrity during the Emergency period.