Q1. “The original structure of the Indian Constitution cannot be changed”. In which of the following cases, Supreme Court of India gave this verdict ?
(a) The Golak Nath case
(b) The Minerva Mills case
(c) The Kesavananda Bharati case
(d) None of the above
(UPSC Prelims 1985)
Answer: (c) The Kesavananda Bharati case
Explanation: In the Kesavananda Bharati case (1973), the Supreme Court ruled that the basic structure of the Constitution is inviolable, even by constitutional amendments. This landmark judgment established the Basic Structure Doctrine.