Q. What is secularism? In what ways is it compatible with the multicultural, multi-religious ethos practiced by India across the ages?
Ans: Secularism is the principle of separating religion from the State, ensuring that governance is neutral, inclusive, and non-discriminatory toward all faiths. In the Indian context, secularism does not imply indifference to religion but rather equal respect for all religions—a concept rooted in Sarva Dharma Sambhava.
Compatibility with India’s Multicultural Ethos
India’s secularism is deeply intertwined with its civilizational pluralism and spiritual diversity:
- Historical Tolerance
- Ancient rulers like Ashoka and Akbar promoted religious harmony and coexistence.
- Bhakti and Sufi movements fostered interfaith dialogue and social unity.
- Constitutional Safeguards
- The Indian Constitution guarantees freedom of religion, cultural rights, and non-discrimination (Articles 25–30).
- The Preamble declares India a secular republic, reinforcing inclusive governance.
- Social Integration
- Festivals, languages, and customs from different faiths coexist in daily life.
- Inter-community marriages, shared rituals, and regional syncretism reflect lived secularism.
- State Engagement with Religion
- Unlike Western models, India’s secularism allows state intervention to reform religious practices (e.g., abolition of untouchability, triple talaq).
- The State supports religious institutions without favoring any particular faith.
In conclusion, Indian secularism is not a rejection of religion but a celebration of diversity, ensuring that multiculturalism and multi-religiosity thrive under a framework of constitutional equality, mutual respect, and inclusive governance.