The four objectives of humankind narrated by Deendayal Upadhyaya are:
1. Dharma (moral duties) 2. Artha (wealth) 3. Kama (desire or satisfaction) 4. Moksha (total liberation or ‘salvation’)
Upadhyaya believed that these four objectives are hierarchically organized, with dharma being the most basic and moksha being the ultimate objective. He also believed that these objectives are not mutually exclusive, but rather complementary. In other words, in order to achieve moksha, one must also fulfill one’s dharma, artha, and kama.
Dharma refers to one’s moral duties and responsibilities. It is what gives one’s life meaning and purpose. Dharma is not just about following religious rules and regulations, but also about living a good and ethical life.
Artha refers to wealth and material possessions. It is necessary for a comfortable and fulfilling life. However, Upadhyaya warned against the pursuit of artha for its own sake. He believed that artha should be a means to an end, not the end itself.
Kama refers to desires and pleasures. It is a natural and healthy part of human life. However, Upadhyaya cautioned against overindulgence in kama. He believed that kama should be pursued in moderation and in accordance with one’s dharma.
Moksha is the ultimate objective of human life. It is the state of liberation from the cycle of birth and death. Moksha can be achieved through spiritual practice and self-realization.
Upadhyaya’s philosophy of integral humanism is based on the belief that these four objectives are essential for a happy and fulfilling life. He advocated for a social and economic order that would allow all people to pursue these objectives in harmony with each other.
In today’s world, Upadhyaya’s philosophy is still relevant. It offers a balanced and holistic approach to life that emphasizes the importance of both material and spiritual well-being.