The salt budget of the ocean refers to the balance between the addition and removal of salts in ocean water over time. While the ocean is constantly undergoing changes due to various natural processes, its average salinity has remained relatively stable for millions of years. This balance is maintained through a dynamic system where salts …
The heat budget of the ocean refers to the balance between the heat energy the ocean receives from the Sun and the heat it loses back into the atmosphere. This balance is crucial in regulating Earth’s climate, driving ocean currents, and supporting marine life. Oceans act as vast heat reservoirs, absorbing, storing, and distributing solar …
Theory of Cycle of Erosion by Penck emphasizes that uplift and erosion occur simultaneously and that the shape of landforms is determined by the rate of uplift and erosion, not solely by time. He rejected Davis’s time-dependent stages (youth, maturity, old age). The Theory of Cycle of Erosion was propounded by Walther Penck, a German …
1 2 Uplifted Peneplain An uplifted peneplain is a geomorphic feature that represents an ancient, nearly flat land surface that has been uplifted and exposed due to tectonic forces or other geological processes. Peneplains are characterized by their low relief and extensive erosion, and they are considered to be mature landscapes resulting from prolonged weathering …