Month: July 2025

Q. While celebrating 75 years of the Indian Constitution, there is discussion on “the woman in nine yard of saree who triggered First Amendment to the Constitution.” Elucidate the case. Ans: The phrase refers to Srimathi Champakam Dorairajan, a Brahmin woman from Madras, whose legal challenge in 1951 led to the First Amendment of the …

While celebrating 75 years of the Indian Constitution, there is discussion on “the woman in nine yard of saree who triggered First Amendment to the Constitution.” Elucidate the case. Read More »

Group-A (Attempt 10 out of 12 | 15 marks each | Word limit: 250) While celebrating 75 years of the Indian Constitution, there is discussion on “the woman in nine yard of saree who triggered First Amendment to the Constitution.” Elucidate the case. What do you understand by cooperative federalism? Does it exist in India? …

OPSC OAS Main Exam 2024 GS Paper II Solution Read More »

Women’s organizations in India have played a transformative role in advancing gender equality and women’s empowerment, acting as catalysts for legal reform, social change, and economic inclusion. Their efforts span from grassroots mobilization to national advocacy, shaping policies and challenging patriarchal norms. Role of Women’s Organizations in India: Legal Advocacy: Pushed for laws like the …

Analyze the role of women’s organizations in promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment in India. Discuss the steps taken by the Govt. of Odisha for woman empowerment. Read More »

Yes, climate change significantly increases the vulnerability of both coastal and Himalayan regions of India to a wide range of natural disasters, owing to their fragile ecosystems and high exposure to climatic extremes. 1. Coastal Vulnerability India’s coastline stretches over 7,500 km, encompassing densely populated cities, fishing communities, and ecologically sensitive zones. Climate change has …

Does climate change make the coastal and Himalayan regions of India more vulnerable to disaster? Explain. Read More »

India’s vast and varied landscape is divided into distinct physiographic divisions, each with unique geological features, climate, and ecological significance. These divisions help in understanding the country’s natural diversity and regional development patterns. Major Physiographic Divisions of India: The Himalayan Mountains Young fold mountains in the north Include Greater Himalayas, Lesser Himalayas, and Shiwaliks The …

Divide India into major physiographic divisions and describe the region in which the land of Odisha State is included. Read More »

The Gupta period (circa 320–550 CE) is often hailed as the Golden Age of Indian civilization, marked by remarkable progress in science, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, and metallurgy. The patronage of Gupta rulers fostered a climate of intellectual inquiry and innovation that laid the foundation for many modern scientific principles. Major Developments in Science During the …

Give an account of the development of science during the Gupta period. Read More »

The early Vedic Aryans, who settled in northwestern India around 1500 BCE, laid the foundational framework for Indian civilization. Their legacy is deeply embedded in India’s religious, linguistic, social, and cultural traditions, many of which continue to influence modern society. Key Legacies of the Early Vedic Aryans: Religious Foundations: Composition of the Rigveda, the oldest …

Enumerate the legacy of the early Vedic Aryans. Read More »

Rural poverty in India remains a persistent challenge despite economic growth and policy interventions. It is shaped by a complex interplay of structural, social, and economic factors that limit opportunities and access to basic services for millions living in villages. Causes of Rural Poverty: Agricultural Dependence: Majority of rural households rely on subsistence farming, which …

Discuss some important causes of rural poverty. Discuss some of the poverty alleviation programmes which have been launched by the Government of India for the rural poor. Read More »

Odisha is one of the most tribal-rich states in India, known for its diverse and culturally vibrant indigenous communities. These tribes contribute significantly to the state’s heritage, yet many continue to face developmental challenges. Types of Tribals in Odisha: Odisha officially recognizes 64 Scheduled Tribes, spread across various districts and ecological zones. These include major …

How many types of tribals are there in Odisha? What are the issues and problems of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups? Read More »

Population ageing refers to the increasing proportion of elderly individuals in the total population, typically defined as those aged 60 years and above. This shift is driven by declining birth rates, improved healthcare, and rising life expectancy. In India, population ageing is emerging as a critical demographic trend with profound social, economic, and governance implications. …

What do you understand by population ageing? Discuss its various dimensions in the context of India. Read More »