The Swaminathan Report refers to the report of the National Commission on Farmers in India, which was headed by Dr. M. S. Swaminathan. The commission was established in 2004 by the Indian government to address the pressing issues faced by farmers in the country, including declining profitability, rural poverty, and environmental degradation. The Swaminathan Report …
The Polavaram Project is a multi-purpose irrigation and hydroelectric project located in the Indian state of Talangana. It is considered to be one of the most important projects in India due to its potential to provide irrigation to the drought-prone areas of the state and generate hydroelectric power. The project involves the construction of a …
North Koel River is a river in Jharkhand and it originates from the Amarpatan Hill (Ranchi Plateau). It joins the Sone a few miles north-west of Haidarnagar. In recent years, the River has been facing several environmental challenges, including pollution from industries, deforestation and soil erosion. These issues have a negative impact on the water quality …
The Wassenaar Arrangement is a multilateral export control regime established in 1996 to promote transparency and responsibility in international transfers of conventional arms and dual-use goods and technologies. The agreement is named after the Dutch city of Wassenaar, where its first plenary meeting was held. The Wassenaar Arrangement currently has 42 participating states, including most …
The No First Use (NFU) policy is a commitment by a nuclear-armed state not to use nuclear weapons as a first resort in a conflict. This policy is seen as a means of reducing the risk of nuclear war and promoting stability in international relations. The NFU policy was first articulated by China in 1964 …
The Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) is a treaty that prohibits all nuclear weapons test explosions. The treaty was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1996 and has since been signed by 184 states, including all five recognized nuclear-weapon states. However, the treaty has not yet entered into force, as eight states must ratify …
The Panchsheel Treaty, also known as the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, was a treaty signed between India and China in 1954. The treaty was an important landmark in the history of Indo-Chinese relations, as it marked a shift from the hostility and mistrust that had characterized their relationship in the past. The five principles …
The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) is an international agreement aimed at preventing the spread of nuclear weapons and promoting the peaceful use of nuclear energy. The treaty was signed in 1968 and has since become one of the most widely ratified international treaties, with 191 states being parties to it. The …
The Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) is an international organization of 48 countries that aims to prevent the proliferation of nuclear weapons by controlling the transfer of materials, equipment, and technologies that can be used for the production of nuclear weapons. The group was established in 1975 in response to India’s first nuclear weapons test, and …
The Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) is an informal political agreement between 35 countries, established in 1987, to limit the proliferation of missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles that can deliver weapons of mass destruction (WMDs). The primary aim of the MTCR is to restrict the spread of delivery systems for nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons, …