The Lahore Session of the Indian National Congress, held in December 1929, was a landmark in India’s freedom struggle. It marked the formal adoption of complete independence (Purna Swaraj) as the ultimate goal of the nationalist movement.
Background
-
The failure of the Nehru Report (1928) and rejection of Muslim demands caused frustration among Congress leaders.
-
The Simon Commission (1928–29) had ignored Indian opinion, leading to widespread dissatisfaction.
-
Moderate demands for Dominion Status were no longer considered sufficient by Indian leaders.
-
The rise of youth leaders like Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhas Chandra Bose, and C.R. Das advocated more radical goals.
Major Decisions of the Lahore Session
-
Purna Swaraj (Complete Independence) was declared as the ultimate goal of Congress.
-
The session was presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru for the first time.
-
The 26th January was chosen as Independence Day, to be celebrated annually as a symbol of national resolve.
-
Resolution emphasized that non-cooperation and civil disobedience would be the means to achieve Swaraj.
-
Congress committed to mass mobilization, involving peasants, workers, students, and women.
Significance
-
Shifted Congress policy from Dominion Status to complete independence, a radical departure from earlier moderate goals.
-
Mobilized youth and regional leaders to participate in mass movements.
-
Strengthened the resolve for Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–1934).
-
Marked the beginning of aggressive nationalist politics, preparing the nation for confrontational struggle against British rule.
-
Created a clear national vision and unity among diverse groups within Congress.
Key Takeaway
The Lahore Session of 1929 and the Purna Swaraj Declaration was a defining moment in India’s freedom struggle. By committing to complete independence, Congress redefined the objectives of the nationalist movement and set the stage for mass civil disobedience under Gandhi’s leadership.