Month: June 2025

Industrialization is a key driver of economic growth, and in India, both industrial houses and public sector undertakings (PSUs) play a significant role in shaping the industrial landscape. These entities are often organized into industrial complexes, which are spatial concentrations of industrial activities. 1. Industrial Houses Industrial houses refer to large business conglomerates that control …

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Tourism in India is a dynamic and fast-growing sector that significantly contributes to the country’s economy, cultural exchange, and employment. Blessed with diverse geography, rich cultural heritage, historical landmarks, and spiritual traditions, India offers a wide range of tourism experiences—from heritage tourism and adventure travel to spiritual pilgrimages and ecotourism. Importance of Tourism in India …

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The Keynesian theory, developed by British economist John Maynard Keynes, revolutionized modern economics during the Great Depression of the 1930s. His groundbreaking ideas were published in his influential book, “The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money” (1936). Keynes challenged the classical view that markets are always self-correcting and instead argued that active government intervention …

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The salt budget of the ocean refers to the balance between the addition and removal of salts in ocean water over time. While the ocean is constantly undergoing changes due to various natural processes, its average salinity has remained relatively stable for millions of years. This balance is maintained through a dynamic system where salts …

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The heat budget of the ocean refers to the balance between the heat energy the ocean receives from the Sun and the heat it loses back into the atmosphere. This balance is crucial in regulating Earth’s climate, driving ocean currents, and supporting marine life. Oceans act as vast heat reservoirs, absorbing, storing, and distributing solar …

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1 2 Uplifted Peneplain An uplifted peneplain is a geomorphic feature that represents an ancient, nearly flat land surface that has been uplifted and exposed due to tectonic forces or other geological processes. Peneplains are characterized by their low relief and extensive erosion, and they are considered to be mature landscapes resulting from prolonged weathering …

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