1. Dalton’s atomic theory successfully explained
i. Law of conservation of mass.
ii. Law of constant composition.
iii. Law of radioactivity.
iv. Law of multiple proportion.
(A) ii, iii and iv
(B) i, ii and iii
(C) i, ii and iv
(D) i, iii and iv
Answer: (C) i, ii and iv
Explanation: Dalton’s atomic theory provided a foundation for understanding the following laws:
- Law of Conservation of Mass: It stated that matter is composed of indivisible atoms, which neither create nor destroy during a chemical reaction.
- Law of Constant Composition: It explained that a given compound always contains the same proportion of elements by mass because it is formed from atoms in a fixed ratio.
- Law of Multiple Proportions: It described how when two elements form multiple compounds, the ratios of their masses combine in simple whole numbers.
The theory, however, could not explain the Law of Radioactivity, as this phenomenon was discovered later.
2. Which of the following is a technopolis?
(A) Silicon Valley
(B) London
(C) Paris
(D) Moscow
Answer: (A) Silicon Valley
Explanation: A technopolis is a region that serves as a hub for high technology and innovation. Silicon Valley, located in California, is a prime example of a technopolis. It is home to numerous tech companies, startups, and research institutions, making it a global leader in technology development and innovation.
3. Which of the following rulers ruled Assam during the time of Harsha?
(A) Aswad Jahan
(B) Bhaskar Varman
(C) King Dahir
(D) More than one of the above
Answer: (D) More than one of the above
Explanation: Bhaskar Varman, the ruler of the Kamarupa kingdom (present-day Assam), was a contemporary of Harsha. He was known for his alliance with Harsha and played a significant role in the politics of northern India during that time. Bhaskar Varman’s reign is also documented in the accounts of the Chinese traveler Xuanzang.
Harshvardhan ruled over a significant portion of Northern India in the 7th century CE. His reign is considered a crucial period in Indian history, marking a transition from the ancient to the medieval era. He was influenced by the teachings of the Buddha.
4. When was the undersea cable-based Chennai-Andaman and Nicobar (CANI) Project inaugurated and dedicated to the nation by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi?
(A) August 15, 2022
(B) August 10, 2019
(C) January 26, 2023
(D) August 10, 2020
Answer: (B) August 10, 2019
Explanation: The Chennai-Andaman and Nicobar Islands (CANI) Project, an undersea cable project, was inaugurated by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi on August 10, 2020. This project aimed to enhance connectivity and provide high-speed internet services to the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, boosting development and improving access to e-services, telemedicine, and online education in the region.
5. Which of the following acids is secreted in the stomach?
(A) Sulphuric acid
(B) Nitric acid
(C) Phosphoric acid
(D) Hydrochloric acid
Answer: (D) Hydrochloric acid
Explanation: The stomach secretes hydrochloric acid (HCl) as part of gastric juice. This acid plays a crucial role in digestion by:
- Creating an acidic environment to activate the enzyme pepsin for protein breakdown.
- Killing harmful bacteria and pathogens in food.
- Facilitating the absorption of certain nutrients like iron and calcium.
6. The meter that is used to measure the distance moved by the vehicle is known as
(A) Ammeter
(B) Speedometer
(C) Chronometer
(D) Odometer
Answer: (D) Odometer
Explanation:
An Odometer is a device used in vehicles to measure the total distance traveled. It is typically displayed on the dashboard and helps in tracking mileage for maintenance, fuel efficiency, and other purposes.
- Ammeter measures electric current.
- Speedometer measures the speed of the vehicle.
- Chronometer is a precise timekeeping device.
7. Which Amendment to the Constitution abolished the two seats that were reserved for the Anglo-Indian community?
(A) 108th
(B) 100th
(C) 102nd
(D) 104th
Answer: (D) 104th
Explanation: The 104th Amendment to the Indian Constitution, enacted in January 2020, abolished the provision of two nominated seats for the Anglo-Indian community in the Lok Sabha and certain State Legislative Assemblies. This amendment also extended reservations for Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs) in legislatures for another ten years, while discontinuing the Anglo-Indian reservation.
8. What should come in place of question mark (?) in the following?
(A) 22
(B) 18
(C) 36
(D) 20
Ans: (A)
9. Which of the following ports is an artificial port?
(A) Marmugao
(B) Mumbai
(C) Kochi
(D) Chennai
Answer: (D) Chennai
Explanation: Chennai is an artificial port. Chennai port is a natural harbor, but the port has been extensively modified and expanded using artificial construction techniques, such as the creation of docks, breakwaters, and other infrastructure to accommodate modern shipping needs.
10. In April 2024, how many members of the UN Security Council either rejected or abstained from voting for the proposal to allow Palestine to become a full member of the UN?
(A) 6
(B) 2
(C) 3
(D) 5
Answer: (C) 3
Explanation: In April 2024, the UN Security Council held a vote on a draft resolution recommending the admission of the State of Palestine as a full member of the United Nations.
11. In the Union Budget speech for 2024-25, which oilseeds were noted as not being covered under the goal of ‘Atmanirbharta’ (self-reliance) for oil?
(A) Sesame
(B) Coconut
(C) Soybean
(D) Groundnut
Answer: (B) Coconut
Explanation: In the Union Budget speech for 2024-25, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman outlined a strategy to achieve ‘Atmanirbharta’ (self-reliance) in oilseeds, specifically mentioning mustard, groundnut, sesame, soybean, and sunflower. Coconut was not included in this list.
12. Sheikh Ahmad Abdullah al-Ahmad al-Sabah was appointed as the new Prime Minister of which country in April 2024?
a) Palestine
b) Yemen
c) Lebanon
d) Kuwait
Answer: d) Kuwait
Explanation: On April 15, 2024, Sheikh Ahmad Abdullah al-Ahmad al-Sabah was appointed as the new Prime Minister of Kuwait.
13. Match the following in the context of the Asht Pradhan system of Maratha rulers:
| Official | Department |
|---|---|
| a. Sachiva | 1. Prime Minister |
| b. Peshwa | 2. Incharge of Correspondence |
| c. Samant | 3. Finance Minister |
| d. Amatya | 4. Foreign Minister |
Choose the correct option:
a) a – 2, b – 1, c – 4, d – 3
b) a – 1, b – 2, c – 3, d – 4
c) a – 3, b – 4, c – 1, d – 2
d) More than one of the above
Answer: (a) a – 2, b – 1, c – 4, d – 3
Explanation:
- Sachiva was the Incharge of Correspondence.
- Peshwa was the Prime Minister.
- Samant was the Foreign Minister.
- Amatya was the Finance Minister.
14. According to the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) data from the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, which indices experienced significant growth in Financial Year 2023?
a) Consumer goods and infrastructure/construction goods
b) Consumer goods and capital goods
c) Manufacturing and consumer goods
d) Capital goods and infrastructure/construction goods
Answer: d) Capital goods and infrastructure/construction goods
Explanation: In Financial Year 2023, the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) data from the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation indicated significant growth in the capital goods and infrastructure/construction goods sectors. These sectors showed notable increases, reflecting enhanced investment and development activities during the year.
15. Heat transfer that does not require a medium is called
a) Radiation
b) Reflection
c) Conduction
d) Convection
Answer: a) Radiation
Explanation: Radiation is the mode of heat transfer that does not require any medium. It involves the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves (e.g., infrared radiation). Unlike conduction (which requires direct contact) and convection (which requires a fluid medium like air or water), radiation can occur in a vacuum, such as the heat from the Sun reaching the Earth through the vacuum of space.
- Reflection is unrelated to heat transfer; it refers to the bouncing back of light or other waves from a surface.
- Conduction and convection both require a medium for heat transfer.
16. Which type of rock is formed from cooling and solidification of lava?
a) Igneous
b) Sedimentary
c) Crystal
d) Metamorphic
Answer: a) Igneous
Explanation: Igneous rocks are formed when lava or magma cools and solidifies. If the cooling occurs beneath the Earth’s surface, the rock is called intrusive igneous rock (e.g., granite). If the cooling occurs on the Earth’s surface after a volcanic eruption, the rock is called extrusive igneous rock (e.g., basalt).
- Sedimentary rocks are formed by the deposition and compression of sediments over time.
- Crystals are not a specific rock type but can form as part of various geological processes.
- Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are transformed by heat, pressure, or chemical processes.
17. After the elections to the 18th Lok Sabha, who was appointed as the Union Minister of Textiles in the Modi government?
a) Giriraj Singh (Begusarai)
b) Bhupendra Yadav (Alwar)
c) Rajiv Ranjan Singh alias Lalan Singh (Munger)
d) Gajendra Singh Shekhawat (Jodhpur)
Answer: a) Giriraj Singh (Begusarai)
Explanation: Following the elections to the 18th Lok Sabha, Giriraj Singh, the Member of Parliament from Begusarai, Bihar, was appointed as the Union Minister of Textiles in Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government.
18. Which of the following human races inhabits China, Mongolia, and Japan?
a) Australoid
b) Negro
c) Mongoloid
d) Nordic
Answer: c) Mongoloid
Explanation: The Mongoloid race is primarily associated with East Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Arctic region. This racial classification includes populations in China, Mongolia, Japan, Korea, and other regions. Mongoloid features often include a relatively flat face, straight black hair, and epicanthic folds of the eyes.
- Australoid: Refers to indigenous populations of Australia and parts of South Asia.
- Negro: Refers to populations originating from Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Nordic: Refers to populations of Northern Europe, typically characterized by lighter skin, hair, and eyes.
19. “Chach Nama” was translated to Persian by
a) Nurrudin Muhammad Aufi
b) Shams-i-Siraj
c) Muhammad Ali Bin Abu Bakr Kufi
d) More than one of the above
Answer: c) Muhammad Ali Bin Abu Bakr Kufi
Explanation: The Chach Nama, also known as the Fateh Nama Sindh, is a historical account of the Arab conquest of Sindh. It was originally written in Arabic and later translated into Persian by Muhammad Ali Bin Abu Bakr Kufi during the 13th century. This text provides insights into the early Islamic history of the Indian subcontinent, particularly the campaigns of Muhammad bin Qasim.
20. Which of the following represents the suitable condition for the liquefaction of gases?
a) Low temperature, high pressure
b) Low temperature, low pressure
c) High temperature, high pressure
d) High temperature, low pressure
Answer: a) Low temperature, high pressure
Explanation: The liquefaction of gases involves converting a gas into a liquid by manipulating temperature and pressure.
- Low temperature reduces the kinetic energy of gas molecules, making intermolecular forces more effective.
- High pressure forces the gas molecules closer together, facilitating the transition to a liquid state.
21. Name the constituency from where the new Chief Minister of Odisha, Mohan Charan Majhi, was elected in the recent State Assembly elections.
a) Laikera
b) Keonjhar
c) Telkoi
d) Hinjili
Answer: b) Keonjhar
Explanation: Mohan Charan Majhi, the newly appointed Chief Minister of Odisha, was elected from the Keonjhar constituency in the recent State Assembly elections.
22. To highlight the hardships faced by the peasants, Sahajanand Saraswati published which newspaper?
a) Lok Sangraha
b) The Broken Wing
c) Indian Nation
d) Nirbal Sevak
Answer: a) Lok Sangraha
Explanation: Sahajanand Saraswati, a prominent leader of the peasant movement in India, published Lok Sangraha to bring attention to the challenges and injustices faced by peasants. Through this newspaper, he advocated for the rights of farmers and workers, highlighting the issues of exploitation and poor living conditions.
23. How many times do the hands of a clock coincide in a day?
a) 23
b) 12
c) 24
d) 22
Answer: (d) 22
Explanation: The hands of a clock coincide 11 times in every 12 hours. Between 11 and 1 o’clock, the hands coincide only once, at 12 o’clock. The hands overlap about every 65 minutes.
24. Which of the following is an iron ore?
a) Cinnabar
b) Bauxite
c) Limonite
d) Pyrite
Answer: c) Limonite
Explanation: Limonite is a significant iron ore composed of hydrated iron. It is used as a source of iron in the production of steel.
- Cinnabar is an ore of mercury (HgS).
- Bauxite is an ore of aluminum (Al₂O₃·nH₂O).
- Pyrite, often called “fool’s gold,” is iron sulfide (FeS₂), but it is not a significant source of iron due to its sulfur content.
25. Who was the founder of the Farazi Movement?
a) Haji Shariatullah
b) Sayyid Ahmad
c) Dudhu Mian
d) More than one of the above
Answer: a) Haji Shariatullah
Explanation: The Farazi Movement was founded by Haji Shariatullah in Bengal during the early 19th century. The movement aimed to reform Islamic practices, eliminate un-Islamic customs, and address social injustices, particularly focusing on the plight of the peasantry under oppressive landlords.
26. Where was the top leader of Hamas, Ismail Haniyeh, assassinated on 31st July 2024, allegedly in an Israeli airstrike?
a) Lebanon
b) Palestine
c) Iran
d) Jordan
Answer: c) Iran
Explanation: Ismail Haniyeh, the political leader of Hamas, was assassinated in Tehran, Iran, on July 31, 2024. Haniyeh was killed by an explosive device planted in his guesthouse room, which was detonated remotely once his presence was confirmed.
27. According to a CRISIL Rating report, how much is the corporate bond market expected to grow by Financial Year 2030 in India?
a) ₹100-120 lakh crore
b) ₹50-70 lakh crore
c) ₹120-150 lakh crore
d) ₹70-90 lakh crore
Answer: a) ₹100-120 lakh crore
Explanation: CRISIL Ratings projects that India’s corporate bond market will more than double by the fiscal year 2030, increasing from approximately ₹43 lakh crore to between ₹100 lakh crore and ₹120 lakh crore.
28. Following are the mountain ranges of India:
- Garo Hills
- Nandadevi
- Kamet
- K2
Which of the following is their correct sequence from east to west?
a) 3 4 2 1
b) 4 3 1 2
c) 2 1 4 3
d) 1 2 3 4
Answer: d) 1 2 3 4
Explanation: The correct sequence of mountain ranges from east to west is:
- Garo Hills (Located in the eastern part of India, in the state of Meghalaya, near the Bangladesh border)
- Nanda Devi (Located in Uttarakhand, in the central region of India)
- Kamet (Also located in Uttarakhand, close to Nanda Devi in the Garhwal Himalayas)
- K2 (Located in the Karakoram Range, on the border between India and Pakistan, in the western part of India)
Thus, the correct order is 1 2 3 4 from east to west.
29. Match List – I with List – II:
| List – I | List – II |
|---|---|
| a. Vaishali | 1. Silk Textile |
| b. Bhagalpur | 2. Gold |
| c. Jamui | 3. Rail coach factory |
| d. Madhepura | 4. Floriculture |
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 2 3 4 1
b) 3 4 1 2
c) 4 1 2 3
d) 1 2 3 4
Answer: c) 4 1 2 3
Explanation:
- Vaishali is known for floriculture, particularly the cultivation of flowers.
- Bhagalpur is famous for silk textile production, especially for its Bhagalpuri silk.
- Jamui is renowned for gold, as it is a center for gold mining.
- Madhepura is well known for its rail coach factory, which manufactures railway coaches.
30. After remaining neutral for almost 200 years, which one of the following countries officially joined NATO in March 2024?
a) Sweden
b) North Macedonia
c) Iceland
d) Finland
Answer: a) Sweden
Explanation: Sweden officially joined NATO on March 7, 2024, ending over 200 years of neutrality.
31. Which component of fertilizer is used for stimulating early growth purpose?
a) Potassium
b) Nitrogen
c) Oxygen
d) Phosphorus
Answer: d) Phosphorus
Explanation: Phosphorus is the component of fertilizer that is primarily responsible for stimulating early growth in plants.
32. Malik Kafur, also known as “Hazar Dinari,” was bought by whom?
a) Alauddin Khilji
b) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq
c) Nusrat Khan
d) More than one of the above
Answer: c) Nusrat Khan
Explanation: Malik Kafur, who was known as “Hazar Dinari” (meaning he was bought for 1,000 dinars), was a prominent general under Sultan Alauddin Khilji. He was initially a slave who was later freed and became a trusted military leader in the Khilji dynasty. He played a significant role in the military campaigns of Alauddin Khilji and was instrumental in the conquest of southern India.
33. In which of the following years was the Bihar State Hydroelectric Power Corporation established?
a) 1992
b) 1982
c) 1998
d) 1990
Answer: b) 1982
Explanation: The Bihar State Hydroelectric Power Corporation (BSHPC) was established in 1982 to develop and manage hydroelectric power generation in the state of Bihar. The corporation was created with the aim of tapping the potential of hydroelectric resources in Bihar and enhancing the power supply to the region.
34. Who wrote “New Lamps For The Old”?
a) Surendranath
b) Aurobindo Ghosh
c) Motilal Ghosh
d) More than one of the above
Answer: b) Aurobindo Ghosh
Explanation: “New Lamps for the Old” is a famous work by Aurobindo Ghosh (also known as Sri Aurobindo), written in the early 20th century. It is an important essay where Sri Aurobindo criticizes the Western civilization’s influence on India and calls for a return to India’s traditional spiritual values and heritage while incorporating modern advancements.
35. What was the theme of International Olympic Day 2024, celebrated every year on June 23?
a) “Together, For a Peaceful World”
b) “Let’s Move”
c) “Move, learn, discover – Together for a better world”
d) “Let’s Move and Celebrate”
Answer: d) “Let’s Move and Celebrate”
Explanation: The theme for International Olympic Day 2024 was “Let’s Move and Celebrate.” This initiative aimed to inspire and encourage people to embrace the joy of movement during the summer. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, the theme invited everyone to join in the fun of sport and recreate or develop iconic athlete celebration moves.
36. Who was the President of the Indian National Congress at the Patna Session held in 1912?
a) Saiyed Mohammad Bahadur
b) Sir S. P. Sinha
c) Saiyed Hassan Imam
d) R. N. Madhulkar
Answer: d) R. N. Madhulkar
Explanation: In 1912, 27th session of Indian National Congress was held at Bankipore under the Presidency of Rao Bahadur Raghunath Narasinha Mudholkar.
37. What is the 14th term of the sequence 14, 10, 6, 2,…..?
a) – 42
b) – 34
c) – 46
d) – 38
Answer: d) – 38
Explanation:
- The given sequence is an arithmetic progression (AP) where the first term a₁ = 14 and the common difference d = -4.
- The formula for the nth term of an AP is:
- Substituting the values for the 14th term (n = 14), we get:
Thus, the 14th term is -38.
38. What were the shares of the Agriculture, Industry, and Services sectors in overall GVA at current prices in Financial Year 2023-24 according to the Economic Survey 2023-24?
a) 17.7%, 27.6%, and 54.7%
b) 18.7%, 28.6%, and 52.7%
c) 17.7%, 28.6%, and 53.7%
d) 16.7%, 26.6%, and 56.7%
Answer: a) 17.7%, 27.6%, and 54.7%
Explanation: According to the Economic Survey 2023-24, the shares of the Agriculture, Industry, and Services sectors in overall Gross Value Added (GVA) at current prices for the Financial Year 2023-24 were:
- Agriculture: 17.7%
- Industry: 27.6%
- Services: 54.7%
39. In which city of Bihar is the recently inaugurated National Dolphin Research Centre located?
a) Darbhanga
b) Patna
c) Munger
d) Gaya
Answer: b) Patna
Explanation: The National Dolphin Research Centre (NDRC) was inaugurated in Patna, Bihar, on March 4, 2024.
40. Which of the following are the constituents of a soda acid fire extinguisher?
a) Conc. sulphuric acid and aluminium sulphate
b) Dil. sulphuric acid and sodium carbonate
c) Dil. sulphuric acid and sodium bicarbonate solution
d) Conc. sulphuric acid and sodium carbonate solution
Answer: c) Dil. sulphuric acid and sodium bicarbonate solution
Explanation: A soda-acid fire extinguisher consists of the following main constituents:
- Dilute Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄) – Stored in a small, sealed container inside the extinguisher.
- Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO₃) or Sodium Carbonate (Na₂CO₃) – Present in the main body of the extinguisher as a dry powder or dissolved in water.
- Water (H₂O) – Acts as a medium for the reaction.
Working Principle: When the extinguisher is activated, the sulfuric acid mixes with sodium bicarbonate, producing carbon dioxide (CO₂) gas, which helps expel the liquid from the extinguisher and smothers the fire by displacing oxygen.
41. Which of the following bacterial diseases is called splenic fever?
a) Typhoid
b) Anthrax
c) Cholera
d) None of the above
Answer: b) Anthrax
Explanation: Anthrax is a bacterial infection caused by Bacillus anthracis. It is often referred to as splenic fever due to the severe damage it causes to the spleen in infected animals and humans. The disease primarily affects livestock, but humans can get infected through direct contact with infected animals or contaminated products.
42. Where was the Japan-India bilateral Maritime Exercise (JIMEX-24) held this year?
a) Yokosuka, Japan
b) Bay of Bengal
c) Western Pacific Ocean
d) Vishakhapatnam, India
Answer: a) Yokosuka, Japan
Explanation: The Japan-India Maritime Exercise (JIMEX-24) commenced at Yokosuka, Japan, on June 11, 2024.
43. Ramkrishna Mission was founded by
a) Vidyasagar in 1899
b) Swami Vivekanand in 1899
c) Swami Vivekanand in 1897
d) More than one of the above
Answer: c) Swami Vivekanand in 1897
The Ramakrishna Mission was founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1897. Swami Vivekananda established the mission to carry out social, cultural, and spiritual service, inspired by the teachings of his guru, Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. The mission focuses on serving humanity and spreading the message of unity, love, and harmony.
44. In a certain code language, COMPUTER is written as RFUVQNPC. How will MEDICINE be written in that code language?
a) MFEDJOFM
b) MFBDPDQF
c) EOJDJEFM
d) EOJDEJEM
Answer: c) EOJDJEFM
Explanation:
45. Which of the following radiation is used to get relief from body aches?
a) Infra-red radiation
b) UV radiation
c) Visible radiation
d) None of these
Answer: a) Infra-red radiation
Explanation: Infra-red radiation is commonly used for therapeutic purposes to relieve body aches and muscle pains. It works by penetrating the skin and heating the affected tissues, which helps to improve blood circulation and relax muscles, providing relief from pain. Infra-red lamps are often used in physiotherapy for pain management, including muscle strains and joint pain.
46. Which of the following was the capital of the Chera dynasty?
a) Kuravur/Karur
b) Kanchipuram
c) Madurai
d) More than one of the above
Answer: a) Kuravur/Karur
Explanation: The Chera dynasty ruled over the Tamil region of southern India, and their capital was Karur (sometimes referred to as Kuravur). It was an important center of trade and administration during their rule. Madurai was the capital of the Pandyas, and Kanchipuram was associated with the Cholas, so these are not the capitals of the Chera dynasty.
47. The book critical of the British Policies Gharib Hindustan was banned in Bihar in 1930 by the British. It was written by
a) Ali Mohd. Shad
b) Mohd. Wali Hassan
c) Badrul Hassan
d) Shaikh Mian Jaan
Answer: b) Mohd. Wali Hassan
Explanation: The book Gharib Hindustan, which was critical of British policies and banned in Bihar in 1930 by the British, was written by Syed Hasan Imam.
48. What is the contribution of agriculture in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Bihar?
a) 19%
b) 17%
c) 33%
d) 26%
Answer: d) 26%
Explanation: The contribution of agriculture to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Bihar is approximately 26%. Agriculture remains a dominant sector in Bihar, with a large portion of the population dependent on farming and related activities for their livelihood. However, this question was deleted by BPSC.
49. By how much did the Female Labour Force Participation Rate increase from 2017-18 to 2022-23, according to the National Sample Survey Office (NSSO)?
a) From 25.3% to 35%
b) From 23.3% to 37%
c) From 23.3% to 33%
d) From 20.3% to 30%
Answer: b) From 23.3% to 37%
Explanation: According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Annual Report 2022-23, the Female Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) in India increased from 23.3% in 2017-18 to 37% in 2022-23, indicating a significant rise of approximately 13.7 percentage points. This increase reflects a notable improvement in women’s participation in the labor force over the specified period.
50. Which country took over the chairmanship of BRICS on January 1, 2024?
a) India
b) Russia
c) South Africa
d) Brazil
Answer: b) Russia
Explanation: On January 1, 2024, Russia assumed the chairmanship of the BRICS group, which includes Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa.
51. Which one of the following is an example of melamine used for making floor tiles?
a) Polythene
b) Thermoplastics
c) PVC
d) Thermo setting plastic
Answer: d) Thermo setting plastic
Explanation: Melamine is a thermosetting plastic, which is used for various applications such as making floor tiles, laminates, and dinnerware. It hardens when heated and cannot be remolded once set, which makes it ideal for floor tiles and other durable products.
52. How many triangles are there in the following figure PQRS?
(A) 16
(B) 10
(C) 18
(D) 12
53. Which of the following is a cause of rural to urban migration in India?
a) High labour demand in cities
b) Unbalanced rural-urban development
c) Few jobs in rural areas
d) All the above
Answer: d) All the above
Explanation: Rural to urban migration in India is driven by multiple factors like:
- High labour demand in cities: Urban areas often offer more job opportunities, especially in industries, services, and infrastructure.
- Unbalanced rural-urban development: There is often better infrastructure, healthcare, education, and living standards in urban areas, leading people to migrate in search of improved quality of life.
- Few jobs in rural areas: Limited employment opportunities and a reliance on agriculture, which is often seasonal, push people to move to cities for more consistent work.
54. According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), what is the forecast for headline inflation in Financial Year 2025?
a) 5.0%
b) 4.1%
c) 5.5%
d) 4.5%
Answer: d) 4.5%
Explanation: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has projected the Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation for the Financial Year 2024-25 at 4.5%.
55. The hundred years of Indian National Congress in Bihar was edited by
a) K. K. Dutta
b) P. N. Ojha
c) A. R. Desai
d) B. B. Mishra
Answer: a) K. K. Dutta
Explanation: K. K. Dutta edited the book “The Hundred Years of Indian National Congress in Bihar,” documenting the contributions and historical significance of the INC in shaping Bihar’s political and social landscape over its century-long journey.
56. In which organisms does spore formation occur as a mode of reproduction?
a) Fungi
b) Algae
c) Yeast
d) Fern
Answer: a) Fungi
Explanation: Spore formation is a common mode of asexual reproduction in fungi. They produce spores, which are lightweight and can disperse through air, water, or other carriers. Other organisms like ferns and algae also use spores for reproduction, but fungi are the most prominent example for this mode.
57. When did the British shift the capital to Delhi?
a) 1912
b) 1913
c) 1911
d) More than one of the above
Answer: c) 1911
Explanation: The British shifted the capital of India from Calcutta to Delhi in 1911 during the Delhi Durbar, which was held to commemorate the coronation of King George V and Queen Mary as Emperor and Empress of India. The actual administrative transfer was completed in 1912.
58. Zoji-la Tunnel will connect which of the following places?
a) Manali and Jammu
b) Manali and Lahaul Spiti valley
c) Srinagar and Leh
d) Srinagar and Jammu
Answer: c) Srinagar and Leh
Explanation: The Zoji-la Tunnel, currently under construction, is set to provide all-weather connectivity between Srinagar and Leh. It is a strategic project aimed at improving access to Ladakh and ensuring uninterrupted travel through the challenging Zoji-la Pass, which is often blocked during winter.
59. Who is the author of the autobiography “I Have the Streets: A Kutti Cricket Story”?
a) S. Sreesanth
b) Suresh Raina
c) Rahul Dravid
d) R. Ashwin and S. Monga
Answer: d) R. Ashwin and S. Monga
Explanation: The autobiography “I Have the Streets: A Kutti Cricket Story” is co-authored by Ravichandran Ashwin and Sidharth Monga. It highlights Ashwin’s journey from playing cricket in the streets of Chennai to becoming one of India’s premier spin bowlers, offering insights into his cricketing career and personal experiences.
60. Where was the 13th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization (WTO) held in February 2024?
a) Argentina
b) Abu Dhabi
c) Indonesia
d) Switzerland
Answer: b) Abu Dhabi
Explanation: The 13th Ministerial Conference (MC13) of the World Trade Organization (WTO) was held in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, in February 2024. Ministerial Conferences are the highest decision-making body of the WTO, addressing key trade issues and negotiations.
61. Which one of the following rivers is different from the others?
a) Tungabhadra
b) Narmada
c) Penganga
d) Mahanadi
Answer: b) Narmada
Explanation: The Narmada River is different from the others as it flows westward into the Arabian Sea, whereas the Tungabhadra, Penganga, and Mahanadi are east-flowing rivers that drain into the Bay of Bengal. This westward flow of Narmada makes it unique in comparison.
62.
Ans: (B) 0
63. Which of the following is the first artificially prepared element?
a) Te
b) Tc
c) Th
d) Tl
Answer: b) Tc
Explanation: Technetium (Tc) is the first artificially prepared element. It was synthesized in 1937 by Carlo Perrier and Emilio Segrè. Technetium does not occur naturally on Earth in significant quantities and was created by bombarding molybdenum atoms with deuterons.
64. What is the full form of CGTMSE?
a) Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Macro and Small Enterprises
b) Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Medium and Small Enterprises
c) Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Medium Enterprises
d) Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises
Answer: d) Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises
Explanation: CGTMSE stands for Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises. It was established by the Government of India and SIDBI (Small Industries Development Bank of India) to provide collateral-free credit to micro and small enterprises, enhancing their access to finance.
65. Who gave the slogan “DO OR DIE” and when?
a) Subhash Chandra Bose during Quit India Movement
b) Jawahar Lal Nehru during Non-cooperation Movement
c) Gandhiji during Quit India Movement
d) More than one of the above
Answer: c) Gandhiji during Quit India Movement
Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi gave the slogan “Do or Die” on 8th August 1942 during the Quit India Movement. This call to action was a pivotal moment in India’s struggle for independence, urging Indians to fight against British rule with determination, even at the cost of their lives.
66. Which of the following is the fluid part of the blood?
a) WBC
b) Plasma
c) Blood platelets
d) RBC
Answer: b) Plasma
Explanation: Plasma is the fluid part of the blood. It is a yellowish liquid that makes up about 55% of the blood’s volume and is composed mainly of water, along with proteins, glucose, electrolytes, hormones, and waste products. The other components like RBC (Red Blood Cells), WBC (White Blood Cells), and platelets are suspended in plasma.
67. Consider the following about the Ajivika sect:
a) Makhali Gosala was its most important leader.
b) The central idea of the philosophy was “NIYATI” (fate).
c) The discrimination on the basis of caste and class.
d) The Ajivikas had regular sabhas for meetings.
Answer: (b)
Explanation: The core belief of the Ajivikas was “Niyati”, meaning fate or determinism, which suggested that everything is preordained and beyond human control. However, the Ajivikas did not promote caste-based discrimination. They also did not have evidence of regular sabhas for meetings like Buddhist or Jain sanghas.
68. Which of the following minerals occurs in the Minas Gerais province of Brazil?
a) Bauxite
b) Iron ore
c) Mica
d) Coal
Answer: b) Iron ore
Explanation: Minas Gerais, a state in Brazil, is one of the world’s largest producers of iron ore. The region is known for its vast deposits of high-grade iron ore, which play a crucial role in Brazil’s mining industry.
69. The first Hindi daily newspaper to be published in Bihar was
a) Kshatriya Samachar
b) Udyoga
c) Sarwa Hitahishi
d) Chaitanya Chandrika
Answer: c) Sarwa Hitahishi
Explanation: Sarwa Hitahishi was the first Hindi daily newspaper published in Bihar. It played a significant role in spreading awareness and information during the pre-independence era. The newspaper contributed to the promotion of Hindi journalism in Bihar and served as a platform for social and political discussions.
70. Which of the following has a highly elongated elliptical orbit?
a) Asteroid
b) Comet
c) Meteorite
d) Meteor
Answer: b) Comet
Explanation: Comets have highly elongated elliptical orbits that take them close to the Sun and then far out into space. They are made of ice, dust, and rocky material. As a comet approaches the Sun, it heats up and releases gases, forming a glowing coma and a tail. Unlike asteroids, which have more circular orbits, comets can have orbits that stretch across the solar system.
71. If February 1, 1996, was Wednesday, what day was March 3, 1996?
a) Friday
b) Sunday
c) Saturday
d) Monday
Answer: b) Sunday
Explanation:
- February 1996 was a leap year, so it had 29 days.
- February 1, 1996, was Wednesday.
- Counting the days:
- February 8 → Thursday
- February 15 → Thursday
- February 22 → Thursday
- February 29 → Thursday
- March 1, 1996 → Friday
- March 2, 1996 → Saturday
- March 3, 1996 → Sunday
Thus, March 3, 1996, was a Sunday.
72. Name the place where Donald Trump was speaking at an election rally when an alleged shooter, Thomas Matthew Crooks, shot and injured him.
a) Pennsylvania
b) Milwaukee
c) Texas
d) Arizona
Answer: a) Pennsylvania
Explanation: On July 13, 2024, former President Donald Trump was speaking at an election rally at the Butler Farm Show Grounds near Butler, Pennsylvania, when 20-year-old Thomas Matthew Crooks opened fire, injuring Trump and others.
73. What is India’s position in mobile phone manufacturing in 2023?
a) 10th
b) 2nd
c) 15th
d) 4th
Answer: b) 2nd
Explanation: India has emerged as the world’s second-largest mobile phone manufacturer.
74. Which of the following cities is located along the side of the river Seine?
a) Paris
b) Belgrade
c) Lisbon
d) Budapest
Answer: a) Paris
Explanation: The Seine River flows through Paris, the capital of France. It is one of the most famous rivers in the world, known for its scenic beauty and historical significance.
75. According to the Reserve Bank of India, what is one of the eligibility criteria for a Small Finance Bank (SFB) to transition into a Universal Bank?
a) Minimum net worth of ₹ 1,500 crore
b) Minimum net worth of ₹ 500 crore
c) Minimum net worth of ₹ 2,000 crore
d) Minimum net worth of ₹ 1,000 crore
Answer: a) Minimum net worth of ₹ 1,500 crore
Explanation: According to the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) guidelines, one of the eligibility criteria for a Small Finance Bank (SFB) to transition into a Universal Bank is maintaining a minimum net worth of ₹ 1,500 crore. This requirement ensures that the bank has sufficient capital to expand its operations and offer a wider range of financial services.
76. Match the List – I with List – II and choose the correct answer:
| Organization | Headquarter |
|---|---|
| I. Swadeshi Sevak Home | a. Vancouver |
| II. United India House | b. Seattle |
| III. Yugantar Ashram | c. San Francisco |
| IV. INA or Azad Hind Fauj | d. Rangoon |
a) I – d, II – c, III – a, IV – b
b) I – d, II – c, III – b, IV – a
c) I – c, II – d, III – a, IV – b
d) I – a, II – b, III – c, IV – d
Answer: b) I – d, II – c, III – b, IV – a
Explanation:
- Swadeshi Sevak Home was located in Rangoon.
- United India House was based in San Francisco.
- Yugantar Ashram was located in Seattle.
- INA or Azad Hind Fauj was headquartered in Vancouver.
77. When did Muslim League observe “Direct Action Day”?
a) 14 August 1946
b) 15 August 1947
c) 16 August 1946
d) More than one of the above
Answer: c) 16 August 1946
Explanation: The Muslim League observed “Direct Action Day” on 16 August 1946 to protest against the rejection of their demand for Pakistan, which led to communal riots and widespread violence in various parts of India, particularly in Calcutta.
78. In June 2024, which city was named India’s “First UNESCO City of Literature”?
a) Delhi
b) Kozhikode
c) Varanasi
d) Hyderabad
Answer: b) Kozhikode
Explanation: On June 2024, Kozhikode, a city in Kerala, was officially designated as India’s first UNESCO City of Literature.his recognition highlights Kozhikode’s rich literary heritage and its significant contributions to the cultural landscape of India.
79. What is the structural and functional unit of life?
a) Cell
b) Organ
c) Tissue
d) Organism
Answer: a) Cell
Explanation: The cell is the structural and functional unit of life. All living organisms are made up of cells, and the cell carries out all the necessary functions for life.
80. Gaurav walks 20 metres towards North. He then turns left and walks 40 metres. He again turns left and walks 20 metres. Further, he moves 20 metres after turning to the right. How far is he from his original position?
a) 40 metres
b) 20 metres
c) 60 metres
d) 30 metres
81. Which one is not included in the Budget Priorities in pursuit of ‘Vikasit Bharat’ in Union Budget 2024-25?
a) Energy Security
b) Productivity and Resilience in Agriculture
c) Sustainable Development
d) Employment and Skilling
Answer: c) Sustainable Development
Explanation: In the Union Budget 2024-25, the key priorities for building a ‘Vikasit Bharat’ (Developed India) are focused on Energy Security, Productivity and Resilience in Agriculture, and Employment and Skilling. While Sustainable Development is an important goal, it is not specifically listed as one of the main priorities in the budget for that particular year.
82. Which of the following drainage systems drains the lands of Bihar?
a) Ghagra
b) Mahanadi
c) Yamuna
d) Narmada
Answer: a) Ghagra
Explanation: The Ghagra river system is one of the primary drainage systems that drains the lands of Bihar. It is a major tributary of the Ganges and flows through Bihar.
83. Consider the types of land according to The Amarkosha:
a. Urvara-fertile
b. Maru-desert
c. Shadvalla-grassy
d. Devmatrika-watered by rain.
Which of the following is correct?
a) a and b both
b) c and d both
c) b, c and d
d) More than one of the above
Answer: d) More than one of the above
Explanation: The correct classifications of land types according to The Amarkosha are:
- Urvara refers to fertile land.
- Maru refers to desert land.
- Shadvalla refers to grassy land.
- Devmatrika refers to land watered by rain.
Therefore, a, b, c, and d are all correct.
84. Under Article “243J” which of the following can make provisions to the maintenance of accounts by Panchayats?
a) Parliament
b) State Legislature
c) District Collector
d) State Finance Commission
Answer: b) State Legislature
Explanation: Article 243J of the Indian Constitution deals with the maintenance of accounts and auditing of Panchayats. It states that the State Legislature may make provisions for the maintenance of accounts and auditing of Panchayats.
85. Which of the following is a non-contact force?
a) Magnetic force
b) Frictional force
c) Impact force
d) None of these
Answer: a) Magnetic force
Explanation: Non-contact forces are forces that can act without the objects being in physical contact. Magnetic force is an example of a non-contact force because it can act over a distance, without the need for the magnets to touch each other. The other forces listed (frictional force and impact force) require physical contact between objects.
86. Motorcycle is related to battery in the same way as Life is related to
a) Moon
b) Earth
c) Star
d) Sun
Answer: d) Sun
Explanation: Just as a motorcycle depends on the battery to function and operate, life on Earth depends on the Sun for energy. The Sun provides the essential energy needed for the sustenance of life on Earth, similar to how a battery powers a motorcycle.
87. Consider the following about the King “Praversena”:
a. He was the real founder of Vakataka dynasty.
b. His empire extended from Bundelkhand in north to Hyderabad in South.
c. He succeeded his father king Vindhyshakti.
d. He is mentioned in Puranas.
Which of the following statements are correct?
a) a and b both
b) a and c both
c) b, c and d
d) More than one of the above
Answer: b) a and c both
Explanation: King Praversena is known as the real founder of the Vakataka dynasty and succeeded his father, King Vindhyashakti. However, statement (b) about his empire extending from Bundelkhand to Hyderabad is not entirely accurate. Additionally, while he is mentioned in various historical texts, the specific mention in the Puranas is debated.
88. Match the following and choose the correct answer.
| Newspaper | Editor |
|---|---|
| I. Free Hindustan | a. Mahatma Gandhi |
| II. Indian Opinion | b. Dadabhai Nauroji |
| III. Voice of India | c. Surendranath Banerjee |
| IV. Bengalee | d. Taraknath Das |
a) I – c, II – d, III – a, IV – b
b) I – d, II – a, III – b, IV – c
c) I – c, II – a, III – d, IV – b
d) I – d, II – c, III – b, IV – a
Answer: b) I – d, II – a, III – b, IV – c
Explanation:
- Free Hindustan was edited by Taraknath Das.
- Indian Opinion was edited by Mahatma Gandhi.
- Voice of India was edited by Dadabhai Nauroji.
- Bengalee was edited by Surendranath Banerjee.
89. In which one of the following Freestyle weight categories, Aman Sehrawat became the first Indian male wrestler to qualify for the 2024 Paris Olympics at the World Wrestling Olympic Qualifiers, Turkey in May 2024?
a) 86 kg
b) 65 kg
c) 74 kg
d) 57 kg
Answer: d) 57 kg
Explanation: Aman Sehrawat became the first Indian male wrestler to qualify for the 2024 Paris Olympics in the 57 kg freestyle category at the World Wrestling Olympic Qualifiers held in Turkey in May 2024.
90. Which of the following districts of Bihar has the highest percentage of Scheduled Tribe population in 2011 census?
a) Katihar
b) Jamui
c) Purnia
d) Banka
Answer: b) Jamui
Explanation: According to the 2011 census, Jamui district in Bihar has the highest percentage of Scheduled Tribe (ST) population among the listed districts.
91. Which sector received the highest allocation in the Bihar Budget 2024-25 ?
a) Agriculture
b) Health
c) Infrastructure
d) Education
Answer: d) Education
Explanation: In the Bihar Budget for 2024-25, education received the highest allocation, reflecting the state’s commitment to improving the educational infrastructure and quality of education.
92. Choose the group of letters which is different from others.
a) ORUX
b) PSVX
c) CFIL
d) JMPS
Answer: c) CFIL
Explanation: ORUX and PSVX follow a pattern where each successive letter increases by a certain number of positions in the alphabet. JMPS also follows a similar pattern. However, CFIL has a different pattern: C to F (3 steps), F to I (3 steps), I to L (3 steps), making it a unique pattern compared to the others.
93. Which of the following corundum and cryolite are important ores ?
a) Aluminium
b) Silver
c) Tin
d) Iron
Answer: a) Aluminium
Explanation: Corundum and cryolite are important ores of aluminium. Corundum is the mineral from which aluminium is extracted, and cryolite is used in the extraction process of aluminium.
94. What is the eligibility age, after the changes made in March 2024, for senior citizens to vote by postal ballot ?
a) 85 years
b) 80 years
c) 82 years
d) 90 years
Answer: b) 80 years
Explanation: As per the changes made in March 2024, senior citizens aged 80 years and above are now eligible to vote by postal ballot. This change was introduced to facilitate easier voting for senior citizens.
95. In which of the following states of India has major reserves of coal ?
a) Jharkhand
b) Chhattisgarh
c) Odisha
d) All the above
Answer: d) All the above
Explanation: Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha are the key states in India with major reserves of coal. These states together contribute significantly to the country’s coal production, with Jharkhand having the largest share, followed by Chhattisgarh and Odisha.
96. Which two words have been incorporated in the Preamble by 42nd Amendment ?
a) Democratic and socialist
b) Republic and secular
c) Socialist and sovereign
d) Secular and socialist
Answer: d) Secular and socialist
Explanation: The 42nd Amendment to the Indian Constitution, enacted in 1976, added the words “Secular” and “Socialist” to the Preamble of the Constitution. These changes were made to reflect the ideals of a society that is secular in nature and strives to achieve socialist goals.
97. In which Lok Sabha seat, one of India’s Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), Shompen tribe, for the first time exercised their democratic right to vote in April 2024 ?
a) Tripura East
b) Vizianagram, Andhra Pradesh
c) Tura
d) Andaman and Nicobar
Answer: d) Andaman and Nicobar
Explanation: The Shompen tribe, one of India’s Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs), exercised their democratic right to vote for the first time in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands during the April 2024 Lok Sabha elections. This significant step marked an important milestone in the inclusion of marginalized tribes in the democratic process.
98. What was the Per Capita Net State Domestic Product at Current Prices for Bihar for the fiscal year 2022-23, based on the base year 2011-12 ?
a) ₹ 54,111
b) ₹ 42,083
c) ₹ 61,434
d) ₹ 47,498
Answer: b) ₹ 42,083
Explanation: The Per Capita Net State Domestic Product (NSDP) at Current Prices for Bihar for the fiscal year 2022-23, based on the base year 2011-12, was ₹ 42,083. This measure indicates the average income per person in Bihar during that period.
99. Which of the following centres in Bihar is proposed to develop under Vishnupad Yojana for promotion of tourism in Union Budget 2024 ?
a) Nalanda
b) Rajgir
c) Vaishali
d) Gaya
Answer: d) Gaya
Explanation: Gaya is proposed to be developed under the Vishnupad Yojana for the promotion of tourism as mentioned in the Union Budget 2024. This initiative aims to boost tourism by developing key religious and cultural sites.
100. Match the following and choose the correct answer.
Political Organisation – Founder
I. Khaksars
II. Socialist Party
III. Independent Labour Party
IV. Forward Bloc
a) Subhash Chandra Bose
b) Inayatullah Mashriqui
c) Jayaprakash Narayan
d) B. R. Ambedkar
Answer: b) I – b, II – c, III – d, IV – a
Explanation:
- Khaksars were founded by Inayatullah Mashriqui.
- Socialist Party was founded by Jayaprakash Narayan.
- Independent Labour Party was founded by B. R. Ambedkar.
- Forward Bloc was founded by Subhash Chandra Bose.
101. Before his appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court of India in July 2024, Justice N. Kotiswar Singh was the Chief Justice of which High Court?
a) Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court
b) Madras High Court
c) Bombay High Court
d) Gauhati High Court
Answer: d) Gauhati High Court
Explanation: Justice N. Kotiswar Singh served as the Chief Justice of the Gauhati High Court before being appointed as a judge of the Supreme Court of India in July 2024. The Gauhati High Court has jurisdiction over the northeastern states, and his tenure there contributed to his elevation to the apex court.
102. The Sikh pilgrimage site “TAKHAT SRI HARIMANDIR JI PATNA SAHIB,” which is considered the second holiest Takhat, is located at
a) Bhagalpur
b) Gaya
c) Patna
d) More than one of the above
Answer: c) Patna
Explanation: Takhat Sri Harimandir Ji Patna Sahib is a significant Sikh pilgrimage site located in Patna, Bihar. It is the second holiest Takhat in Sikhism and marks the birthplace of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, the 10th Sikh Guru. This Takhat is one of the five important Sikh Takhats and holds immense religious significance.
103. Bihula Festival is celebrated especially in which one of the following districts in Bihar, usually in the month of August each year?
a) Bhagalpur
b) Patna
c) Sitamarhi
d) Darbhanga
Answer: a) Bhagalpur
Explanation: Bihula Festival is a traditional festival celebrated mainly in Bhagalpur, Bihar. It is associated with the worship of Goddess Mansa, the serpent goddess, and is observed primarily by the fishermen and trading communities. The festival takes place in the month of August and includes folk performances, rituals, and processions narrating the legendary tale of Bihula and her unwavering devotion to bringing her husband back to life.
104. Which of the following is the resistance of the wire?
a) R = IV
b) R = I/2V
c) R = V/I
d) R = I/V
Answer: c) R = V/I
Explanation:
According to Ohm’s Law, the resistance (R) of a conductor is given by the formula:
where:
- R = Resistance (Ohms, Ω)
- V = Voltage (Volts, V)
- I = Current (Amperes, A)
This equation states that resistance is the ratio of voltage across the wire to the current flowing through it.
105. Which Article of the Constitution restricts a Member of Parliament from holding the office of profit?
a) Article 102 (1) (c)
b) Article 102 (1) (b)
c) Article 102 (1) (d)
d) Article 102 (1) (a)
Answer: b) Article 102 (1) (b)
Explanation: According to Article 102 (1) (b) of the Indian Constitution, a person shall be disqualified from being chosen as, and for being, a Member of Parliament if they hold an office of profit under the Government of India or any State Government, except for offices exempted by law.
The purpose of this restriction is to ensure the independence of legislators and prevent conflicts of interest, as holding an office of profit could influence a member’s decision-making.
106. Which of the following great rulers founded the “Haryak Vansh” in ancient Bihar?
a) Bimbisara
b) Brihadrath
c) Ajatshatru
d) More than one of the above
Answer: a) Bimbisara
Explanation: Bimbisara was the founder of the Haryanka dynasty (Haryak Vansh) in Magadha (ancient Bihar) around the 6th century BCE. He was a powerful ruler who expanded his empire through conquests and matrimonial alliances. His reign marked the beginning of Magadha’s dominance in northern India.
107. Which one of the following is true about Ruchira Kamboj, the first woman to become the Indian Ambassador to the United Nations, who retired recently?
a) She was a member of the NITI Aayog
b) She was a member of the Indian Council of World Affairs
c) She held the position of Permanent Representative of India to UNESCO-Paris
d) She was the first woman Indian Ambassador to the USA
Answer: c) She held the position of Permanent Representative of India to UNESCO-Paris
Explanation: Ruchira Kamboj was India’s first woman Permanent Representative to the United Nations (UN) and retired from her position in 2024. Before this, she served in various key diplomatic roles, including as India’s Permanent Representative to UNESCO in Paris. She has also held significant positions in the Ministry of External Affairs and was previously India’s High Commissioner to South Africa.
She was not a member of NITI Aayog or the Indian Council of World Affairs, and she was not the first woman Indian Ambassador to the USA.
108. Which of the following are exothermic processes?
i. Evaporation of water.
ii. Dilution of an acid (H₂SO₄).
iii. Reaction of water with quick lime.
iv. Sublimation of camphor (crystals).
a) iii and iv
b) ii and iii
c) i and iv
d) i and ii
Answer: b) ii and iii
Explanation: Exothermic processes release heat energy.
- Dilution of an acid (H₂SO₄) releases heat as it is a highly exothermic reaction.
- Reaction of water with quick lime (CaO + H₂O → Ca(OH)₂ + heat) is also exothermic.
- Evaporation of water and sublimation of camphor are endothermic processes, as they absorb heat.
109. What is the objective of “cut motion” in Parliament?
a) To move a proposal to reduce expenditure in the budget proposals
b) To restrict day-to-day financial expenditure of the government
c) To restrict grants from the Consolidated Fund of India
d) To restrict the grants of the Government
Answer: a) To move a proposal to reduce expenditure in the budget proposals
Explanation:
- A cut motion is a tool used by Members of Parliament to propose a reduction in the amount of a demand for a grant during the budget discussions.
- It allows MPs to express disapproval of specific government expenditures and holds the government accountable.
- There are three types of cut motions:
- Policy Cut – Seeks to reduce the grant to ₹1 to mark disapproval.
- Economy Cut – Proposes a specific reduction in the amount.
- Token Cut – Seeks a nominal ₹100 reduction to highlight an issue.
110. Who presented the Bihar Budget 2024-25 in the State Assembly?
a) Shri Vijay Sinha
b) Shri Nitish Kumar
c) Shri Vijay Kumar Choudhary
d) Shri Samrat Choudhary
Answer: c) Shri Vijay Kumar Choudhary
Explanation: The Bihar Budget 2024-25 was presented in the State Assembly by Shri Vijay Kumar Choudhary, who is the Finance Minister of Bihar.
111. When did the new province Bihar come into force during British rule?
a) April 1912
b) April 1911
c) March 1912
d) More than one of the above
Answer: a) April 1912
Explanation:
- The new province of Bihar came into force in April 1912 when it was separated from the Bengal Presidency.
- The Bihar and Orissa Act was passed by the British Government, creating a separate administrative unit for the region.
- This marked a significant event in the history of Bihar, as it gained greater autonomy within the British colonial framework.
112. Who headed the Royal Commission on Indian currency appointed in 1913?
a) James Wilson
b) J. M. Keynes
c) Sir Austin Chamberlain
d) Sir W. R. Mansfield
Answer: d) Sir W. R. Mansfield
Explanation: The Royal Commission on Indian currency was appointed in 1913 to examine the issues related to the currency and monetary system of India. It was headed by Sir W. R. Mansfield, and its recommendations led to significant changes in the currency system in British India.
113. Which of the following is the value of solar constant?
a) 1.6 kW/m²
b) 1.4 kW/m²
c) 1.2 kW/m²
d) 1.8 kW/m²
Answer: b) 1.4 kW/m²
Explanation: The solar constant is the amount of solar radiation received per unit area at a distance of one astronomical unit (the average distance between the Earth and the Sun) from the Sun. Its value is approximately 1.4 kW/m².
114. Which of the following was not one of the features of the Government of India Act, 1935?
a) Reconstruction of the Governor-General’s Executive Council
b) Provincial Autonomy
c) Appraisal of the Act of 1935
d) Proposal for Federation of India
Answer: c) Appraisal of the Act of 1935
Explanation: The Government of India Act, 1935 was a significant step in the development of constitutional governance in India. It included provisions like provincial autonomy, the reconstruction of the Governor-General’s Executive Council, and the proposal for the Federation of India. However, there was no formal appraisal of the Act as part of its features.
115. What is the position of representation of Anglo-Indian Community in Lok Sabha?
a) Nomination of them has been done away with by 104th Constitutional Amendment
b) Two Anglo-Indians are nominated by the President
c) They are nominated as per their population
d) One Anglo-Indian is nominated by the President
Answer: a) Nomination of them has been done away with by 104th Constitutional Amendment
Explanation: The 104th Constitutional Amendment of 2019 removed the provision of nomination of Anglo-Indian members in both the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies. Before this amendment, two members from the Anglo-Indian community could be nominated by the President to the Lok Sabha.
116. Which community was categorized as Scheduled Caste (SC) by a 2015 Bihar government notification which was quashed in July 2024 by the Supreme Court, ruling that states cannot make changes to the SC list published under Article 341 of the Constitution?
a) Lal Begi
b) Tanti-Tantwa
c) Pano
d) Dabgar
Answer: b) Tanti-Tantwa
Explanation: In 2015, the Bihar government had categorized the Tanti-Tantwa community as Scheduled Caste (SC). However, this notification was quashed by the Supreme Court in July 2024, which ruled that states do not have the authority to make changes to the Scheduled Caste list, which is specified under Article 341 of the Constitution of India.
117. Who won the Men’s Singles title at the French Open Tennis Tournament 2024?
a) Novak Djokovic
b) Alexander Zverev
c) Daniil Medvedev
d) Carlos Alcaraz
Answer: d) Carlos Alcaraz
Explanation: Carlos Alcaraz clinched the Men’s Singles title at the 2024 French Open by defeating Alexander Zverev in the final.
118. Who among the following achieved the distinction of being the first Indian mountaineer to scale Mount Everest and Mount Lhotse twice in one season?
a) Satyadeep Gupta
b) Sunil Rohilla
c) Premlata Agarwal
d) Kaamya Karthikeyan
Answer: b) Sunil Rohilla
Explanation: Sunil Rohilla made history by becoming the first Indian mountaineer to scale both Mount Everest and Mount Lhotse twice in the same season. He achieved this remarkable feat in 2024, showcasing his exceptional endurance and skills in high-altitude mountaineering.
119. What is the sex ratio in Bihar as per the Census 2011 of India?
a) 918
b) 916
c) 933
d) 922
Answer: a) 918
Explanation: The sex ratio in Bihar, according to the Census 2011, is 918 females for every 1,000 males.
120. Which of the following is the function of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
a) Reduction of CO2
b) Breaking down water molecules
c) No function
d) Absorbing light
Answer: d) Absorbing light
Explanation: Chlorophyll is the pigment responsible for absorbing light energy, primarily from the blue and red parts of the light spectrum, which is essential for photosynthesis. It helps in converting light energy into chemical energy. The absorbed light energy is used in the process of photosynthesis to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
121. The political strategy Struggle -Truce- Struggle or S-T-S came into prominence with a call for
a) Swadeshi Movement
b) Quit India
c) Boycott of Simon Commission
d) Khilafat issue
Answer: a) Swadeshi Movement
Explanation: The Struggle-Truce-Struggle (S-T-S) strategy was first observed during the Swadeshi Movement (1905-1911), which was launched in response to the partition of Bengal by the British. The movement followed a pattern of active struggle (protests and boycotts), temporary truce (negotiations or passive phases), and then renewed struggle when demands were not met. This strategy was later adopted in various phases of India’s freedom struggle.
122. During the Quit India Movement, parallel ‘National Governments’ were established at many places. Which of the following is not correctly matched?
a) Raiyati Sarkar – Kheda (Gujarat)
b) Prati Sarkar – Satara (Maharashtra)
c) Praja Mandal – Talcher (Orissa)
d) Jatiya Sarkar – Tamluk (Bengal)
Answer: a) Raiyati Sarkar – Kheda (Gujarat)
Explanation: During the Quit India Movement (1942), parallel governments were established in different regions of India as a resistance against British rule:
- Prati Sarkar was formed in Satara (Maharashtra), led by Nana Patil, and carried out guerrilla warfare against British forces.
- Praja Mandal was formed in Talcher (Orissa) to resist British administration and establish self-governance.
- Jatiya Sarkar was set up in Tamluk (Bengal) and successfully functioned as an independent government for some time.
- However, there is no historical record of “Raiyati Sarkar” in Kheda (Gujarat) as a parallel government, making this an incorrect match.
123. Which of the following is equivalent to tesla?
a) Ampere per Newton
b) Newton per Coulomb
c) Newton per ampere-second
d) Newton per ampere meter
Answer: d) Newton per ampere meter
Explanation:
Tesla (T) is the SI unit of magnetic flux density (B). It is defined as one Newton per ampere per meter (N/A·m).
Mathematically,
where:
- Newton (N) is the unit of force,
- Ampere (A) is the unit of electric current,
- Meter (m) is the unit of length.
This definition follows from Lorentz force on a current-carrying conductor in a magnetic field:
Thus, the correct equivalent unit for Tesla (T) is Newton per ampere meter (N/A·m).
124. Which dynasty ruled Magadh (Bihar) after the Shishunag dynasty?
a) Maurya Vansh
b) Sunga Vansh
c) Nanda Vansh
d) More than one of the above
Answer: c) Nanda Vansh
Explanation: The Shishunag dynasty was succeeded by the Nanda dynasty in Magadh. The Nanda dynasty was founded by Mahapadma Nanda in the 4th century BCE after overthrowing the last Shishunag ruler.
The Nandas expanded their empire significantly and were known for their immense wealth and military strength. Eventually, the Maurya dynasty under Chandragupta Maurya overthrew the Nandas and established one of the most powerful empires in Indian history.
Thus, the immediate successor of the Shishunag dynasty was the Nanda dynasty.
125. Among the following, who has been Speaker of Lok Sabha prior to his election as President of India?
a) Giani Zail Singh
b) V. V. Giri
c) Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
d) A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
Answer: c) Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy
Explanation: Neelam Sanjeeva Reddy was the 6th President of India (1977-1982) and had previously served as the Speaker of the Lok Sabha from 1967 to 1969. He was the only person to be elected unopposed as President of India.
- Giani Zail Singh was the 7th President and had served as the Chief Minister of Punjab.
- V. V. Giri was the 4th President and had served as the Vice President of India before that.
- A. P. J. Abdul Kalam was the 11th President and was a renowned scientist but never a Speaker of Lok Sabha.
126. When did Bihar State introduce the Green Budget for the first time?
a) Financial Year 2020-21
b) Financial Year 2018-19
c) Financial Year 2021-22
d) Financial Year 2019-20
Answer: d) Financial Year 2019-20
Explanation: Bihar introduced the Green Budget for the first time in the Financial Year 2019-20 to focus on environmental sustainability and address climate change issues. This initiative aimed at allocating funds for green projects, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting sustainable development in the state. It covered areas like afforestation, renewable energy, water conservation, and pollution control.
127. Manvi Madhu Kashyap recently became Bihar’s first transgender
a) Havildar in Bihar Regiment
b) Bus Driver in state transport
c) Traffic Police Inspector
d) Sub-Inspector of Police
Answer: d) Sub-Inspector of Police
Explanation: Manvi Madhu Kashyap made history by becoming Bihar’s first transgender Sub-Inspector of Police. Her achievement marks a significant milestone in gender inclusivity and representation in law enforcement. This step reflects the state’s efforts toward ensuring equal opportunities for the transgender community in government services.
128. Which of the following is a zaid crop?
a) Gram
b) Fodder
c) Mustard
d) Cotton
Answer: b) Fodder
Explanation: Zaid crops are grown between the Rabi and Kharif seasons, typically during summer (March to June). These crops require short growth duration and sufficient irrigation. Fodder crops, along with watermelon, cucumber, and muskmelon, are commonly grown as zaid crops. Other options, such as Gram (Rabi), Mustard (Rabi), and Cotton (Kharif), do not belong to the zaid season.
129. Shreyasi Singh, Member of the Legislative Assembly, who represented India in shooting at the Paris Olympics 2024, was elected from which constituency in Bihar?
a) Sugauli
b) Gidhaur
c) Jamui
d) Kesaria
Answer: c) Jamui
Explanation: Shreyasi Singh, a Commonwealth Games gold medal-winning shooter, entered politics and was elected as the Member of the Legislative Assembly (MLA) from the Jamui constituency in Bihar during the 2020 elections.
130. What was the chief economic foundation of the triangular commerce between India, China, and England?
a) Silk
b) Opium
c) Black pepper
d) More than one of the above
Answer: b) Opium
Explanation: The triangular trade between India, China, and England was primarily based on opium. The British East India Company exported opium cultivated in India (mainly in Bengal and Bihar) to China. The Chinese, in return, paid for the opium with silver, which was then used by the British to buy tea, silk, and porcelain from China for sale in England. This trade became highly controversial and led to the Opium Wars (1839–1842 and 1856–1860) between Britain and China, as China attempted to restrict the opium trade due to its severe social and economic consequences.
131. Which of the following is the full form of PCRA?
a) Partial Counting of Remaining Amendment
b) Public Conservations Research Association
c) Petroleum Conservation Research Association
d) Public Council of Research Association
Answer: c) Petroleum Conservation Research Association
Explanation: The Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) is an organization under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India. It was established in 1978 to promote energy conservation in the oil and gas sector. PCRA conducts awareness campaigns, research, and training programs to reduce fuel consumption and promote energy efficiency in industries, transport, agriculture, and domestic sectors.
132. In October 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose set up a provisional government of free India which was recognized by how many countries including Japan?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 10
d) 9
Answer: d) 9
Explanation: On October 21, 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose established the Provisional Government of Free India (Azad Hind Government) in Singapore. This government was recognized by nine countries, including Japan, Germany, Italy, Philippines, Thailand, Burma, Manchukuo (Manchuria), Croatia, and the Wang Jingwei regime in China. The recognition of this government was a significant diplomatic achievement in India’s struggle for independence during World War II.
133. What is the title of the film by Payal Kapadia for which she became the first Indian filmmaker to win the Grand Prix Award at the Cannes Film Festival in May 2024?
a) All We Imagine as Light
b) The Shameless
c) The Man Who Could Not Remain Silent
d) Sunflowers Were the First Ones to Know
Answer: a) All We Imagine as Light
Explanation: Indian filmmaker Payal Kapadia made history at the Cannes Film Festival 2024 by winning the Grand Prix Award, the second-most prestigious honor at the festival, for her film All We Imagine as Light. This made her the first Indian director to receive this award. The film, a Malayalam-Hindi drama, revolves around the lives of two nurses in Mumbai and explores themes of loneliness and self-discovery.
134. Which part of the alimentary canal receives bile from the liver?
a) Stomach
b) Oesophagus
c) Small intestine
d) Large intestine
Answer: c) Small intestine
Explanation: Bile, produced by the liver, is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine (duodenum) through the bile duct. Bile plays a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of fats by breaking them down into smaller droplets, a process known as emulsification.
135. Indian National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on which date?
a) 26 November 1950
b) 24 January 1950
c) 26 January 1950
d) 22 July 1947
Answer: d) 22 July 1947
Explanation: The Indian National Flag was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947, before India gained independence on 15 August 1947. The flag, designed by Pingali Venkayya, consists of three horizontal stripes—saffron at the top, white in the middle with the Ashoka Chakra, and green at the bottom.
136. Size of Council of Ministers has been restricted to 15 percent of membership of Lok Sabha by which Constitutional Amendment?
a) 92nd Amendment
b) 95th Amendment
c) 91st Amendment
d) 93rd Amendment
Answer: c) 91st Amendment
Explanation: The 91st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003 imposed a cap on the size of the Council of Ministers, limiting it to 15% of the total strength of the Lok Sabha or State Legislative Assembly. This amendment was introduced to prevent excessive expansion of the ministry and reduce political instability due to frequent defections.
137. Who is the winner of the prestigious Goldman Environmental Prize 2024 from the region of Asia?
a) Thai Van Nguyen, Vietnam
b) Alok Shukla, India
c) Chibeze Ezekiel, Ghana
d) Delima Silalahi, Indonesia
Answer: b) Alok Shukla, India
Explanation: In 2024, Alok Shukla, an environmental activist from India, was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for the Asia region. He led a successful community campaign that protected approximately 445,000 acres of biodiversity-rich forests in the Hasdeo Aranya region of Chhattisgarh from 21 proposed coal mines.
138. Under the Royal Titles Act, Queen Victoria became the Empress of India in
a) 1875
b) 1874
c) 1877
d) 1876
Answer: c) 1877
Explanation: The Royal Titles Act 1876 was passed by the British Parliament, which officially declared Queen Victoria as the Empress of India. The formal Proclamation of Queen Victoria as the Empress of India took place on 1st January 1877, during the Delhi Durbar organized by Lord Lytton, the then Viceroy of India. This act symbolized the direct rule of the British Crown over India after the dissolution of the East India Company in 1858.
139. Which of the following pairs will give displacement reactions?
a) AgNO₃ solution and copper metal
b) NaCl solution and copper metal
c) FeSO₄ solution and silver metal
d) MgCl₂ solution and aluminium metal
Answer: a) AgNO₃ solution and copper metal
Explanation: A displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its salt solution.
- Copper (Cu) is more reactive than Silver (Ag), so it will displace silver from AgNO₃ solution:
This is a displacement reaction. - NaCl solution and copper metal: No reaction occurs because sodium (Na) is more reactive than copper (Cu), but Na is already in ionic form and cannot be displaced.
- FeSO₄ solution and silver metal: No reaction occurs because silver (Ag) is less reactive than iron (Fe) and cannot replace it.
- MgCl₂ solution and aluminium metal: No reaction occurs because aluminium (Al) is less reactive than magnesium (Mg) and cannot displace it.
140. The Andes extends along which of the following?
a) West Coast of India
b) West Coast of North America
c) East Coast of Australia
d) West Coast of South America
Answer: d) West Coast of South America
Explanation: The Andes Mountains form the longest continental mountain range in the world, stretching along the western coast of South America. They run through seven countries: Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. The range is famous for its volcanoes, high plateaus, and diverse ecosystems. It is also home to the Inca civilization, with Machu Picchu being one of its most famous historical sites.
141. By which time Governor has to return an ordinary bill to the concerned State Legislature for reconsideration?
a) Three months
b) One month
c) No time limit
d) Two months
Answer: c) No time limit
Explanation: As per Article 200 of the Indian Constitution, the Governor has no time limit to return an ordinary bill sent by the State Legislature for reconsideration. This allows the Governor to withhold the bill indefinitely, a practice sometimes referred to as using the “pocket veto” at the state level. However, the Governor must act without undue delay, as keeping the bill pending indefinitely can lead to political and constitutional concerns.
142. What is the current profession of the young U.P. woman, Arti, who was conferred the Amal Clooney Women’s Empowerment Award by King Charles III in May 2024?
a) ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) worker
b) Farm labourer
c) Chikan-kari artisan
d) E-rickshaw driver
Answer: d) E-rickshaw driver
Explanation: Arti, an 18-year-old from Bahraich district in Uttar Pradesh, is an E-rickshaw driver. She was honored with the Amal Clooney Women’s Empowerment Award in May 2024 for her pioneering role in providing safe transportation for women through the Pink E-Rickshaw initiative. Her efforts have inspired other young girls in her community to pursue their dreams and become self-reliant.
143. The process of breaking down organic matter by microorganisms is called
a) Respiration
b) Photosynthesis
c) Decomposition
d) Fermentation
Answer: c) Decomposition
Explanation: Decomposition is the natural process in which microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi break down dead organic matter into simpler substances. This process releases nutrients back into the ecosystem, making them available for plants and other organisms. Decomposers play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and maintaining ecological balance.
144. Who among the following Indian capitalists was not the architect of the “Bombay Plan”?
a) Dhirubhai Ambani
b) J. R. D. Tata
c) Sri Ram
d) G. D. Birla
Answer: a) Dhirubhai Ambani
Explanation: The Bombay Plan was a set of economic proposals formulated in 1944 by a group of leading Indian industrialists, including J. R. D. Tata, G. D. Birla, Lala Sri Ram, and others. It aimed at post-independence industrialization and economic development through a mixed economy model. Dhirubhai Ambani, however, was not involved in the Bombay Plan, as his industrial prominence came much later.
145. Which country became the first to bring soil from the dark side of the moon in June 2024?
a) USA
b) China
c) France
d) India
Answer: b) China
Explanation: In June 2024, China’s Chang’e-6 mission successfully brought back soil samples from the far side of the Moon, making it the first country to achieve this feat. The far side (often called the “dark side”) is never visible from Earth due to tidal locking. This mission provides crucial insights into the Moon’s geological history and composition.
146. What is the name of the one-month-long cattle fair organized at the confluence of Ganga and Gandak rivers?
a) Katihar Mela
b) Sonepur Mela
c) Purnia Mela
d) More than one of the above
Answer: b) Sonepur Mela
Explanation: Sonepur Mela, also known as Harihar Kshetra Mela, is one of the largest cattle fairs in Asia. It is held annually in Bihar at the confluence of the Ganga and Gandak rivers in Sonepur, near Patna. This fair, which lasts for a month, is famous for trading elephants, horses, and other livestock, along with cultural events and religious activities.
147. Who decides the disqualification of members of State Legislative Assembly, for matters other than those in the tenth schedule of the Constitution?
a) Governor
b) Speaker Legislative Assembly
c) State Election Commission
d) High Court
Answer: a) Governor
Explanation: As per Article 192 of the Indian Constitution, if any question arises regarding the disqualification of a member of the State Legislative Assembly (except under the Tenth Schedule, which deals with anti-defection laws), the decision is taken by the Governor of the state. The Governor acts based on the opinion of the Election Commission of India.
148. Which of the following is a major cause of air pollution?
a) Disposal of plastics
b) Burning of fossil fuels
c) Deforestation
d) Excessive use of pesticides
Answer: b) Burning of fossil fuels
Explanation: The burning of fossil fuels (such as coal, oil, and natural gas) releases harmful pollutants like carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), nitrogen oxides (NOₓ), and particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) into the atmosphere. These pollutants contribute to smog, acid rain, respiratory diseases, and global warming, making it a primary cause of air pollution.
149. Munger Hilly region is a part of which of the following physiographic regions?
a) Southern Hilly Region
b) North Bihar Plain
c) Someshwar Hilly Range
d) South Bihar Plain
Answer: a) Southern Hilly Region
Explanation: The Munger Hilly region is part of the Southern Hilly Region of Bihar, which extends across Munger, Jamui, and Banka districts. These hills are composed mainly of granite and gneiss rocks and are an extension of the Chotanagpur Plateau. The region is characterized by undulating terrain, dense forests, and mineral resources, making it distinct from the plains of Bihar.
150. Who was the first one to propose a model for the structure of an atom?
a) E. Goldstein
b) Rutherford
c) Neils Bohr
d) J. J. Thomson
Answer: d) J. J. Thomson
Explanation: J. J. Thomson was the first scientist to propose a model for the structure of an atom in 1897. His model, known as the Plum Pudding Model, suggested that an atom consists of negatively charged electrons embedded in a positively charged “pudding-like” substance. Although later replaced by Rutherford’s nuclear model and Bohr’s planetary model, Thomson’s work was crucial in the discovery of the electron and the early understanding of atomic structure.