Marine pollution is a major environmental issue that affects the health of our oceans and the life they support. It is caused by a variety of sources, including ships, oil spills, land-based sources, and plastic waste. The impacts of marine pollution are widespread and include the death of marine life, the destruction of habitats, and …
The Law of the Sea is an international agreement that sets forth the legal framework for the use and conservation of the world’s oceans and their resources. It was adopted by the United Nations in 1982 and has since been ratified by over 160 countries. The Law of the Sea is widely regarded as one …
Sea level changes represent one of the most impactful signals of our planet’s dynamic nature. These variations are not merely measurements on a scale, they tell a story of Earth’s climate, geology, and the intricate dance between ice, water, and temperature. Sea level changes are a crucial aspect of geographical studies, influencing coastal landscapes, ecosystems, …
Coral reefs are among the most biologically diverse ecosystems on the planet, providing habitat for thousands of species of plants and animals. They also play a crucial role in maintaining the health of the world’s oceans, serving as important nurseries for young fish and other marine species, protecting coastlines from storms and erosion, and providing …
Marine energy resources refer to the vast potential of energy stored in the oceans, in the form of waves, tides, currents, temperature gradients, and even chemical properties like salinity. These are renewable, sustainable, and largely untapped sources of power. As the world shifts toward cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels, marine energy offers a promising path …
Mineral Marine Resources refer to the inorganic, non-living substances found in or beneath the ocean floor. These resources include a variety of metals, salts, and energy minerals that have immense economic (such as oil and natural gas) and strategic value (such as Manganese Nodules). As land-based resources become increasingly scarce, the world is turning its …
Biotic Marine Resources refer to the living organisms found within oceanic and coastal environments that contribute to ecological balance and human sustenance. These resources include a wide variety of plants, animals, and microorganisms that serve economic, and ecological functions. What are Biotic Marine Resources? Biotic marine resources are the living resources found in the ocean, …
Oceanic Tides are the regular rise and fall of sea levels that occur along coastlines across the globe. They are one of the most observable and predictable movements in the ocean. Tides are primarily caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on Earth’s oceans, combined with the Earth’s rotation. It occurs …
Oceanic current is the large-scale movements of seawater that flow through the world’s oceans in well-defined patterns. These currents play a vital role in regulating the Earth’s climate, distributing heat, transporting nutrients, and supporting marine life. Ocean currents are generated by various forces acting upon the water, such as wind, temperature differences, salinity variations, and …
Oceanic waves are rhythmic movements of the sea surface, generated by the transfer of energy from the atmosphere to the ocean. They are one of the most visible and dynamic expressions of ocean energy. Waves play a significant role in shaping coastlines, aiding marine navigation, driving coastal erosion, and influencing global ocean circulation. In this article, …